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BlueBull Ltd issued a bond with following terms on 1-Apri-2013.
Face Value- Rs.1,000; Maturity date- 1-April-2022.
Coupon for 1-April-2014 to 1-April-2016 is 0%
coupon from 1-April-2017 to 1-April-2022 is 11%
Issue Price – Rs.898/bond.
The type of the bond that BlueBull issued is
a) Discount Bond
b) Step-up bond
c) Deferred Coupon bond
Ans C: Discount Bonds are one that trades below its Face value
Step up bonds are one that provide increasing coupons.Deferred bonds are one that starts paying coupon after few years of issue.While this is a discount bond, discount bond is a not bond type. It is based on trading/ issue price
Which of the below statement is NOT correct about Zero coupon bond
a. Zero coupon bonds will never trade above par value
b. Price of Zero coupon bonds are less sensitive to change in interest rates
c. Zero coupon bonds will be issued at a deep discount to the face value
Ans B: For bonds with similar maturity the 'Duration' of Zero coupon bond will be higher than coupon paying bond. Hence the price of Zero coupon bond is more sensitive to change in interest rates.
Adam purchased a 5 years semiannual floater bond at a price of $101.23. The face value of the bond is $100 and the coupon is LIBOR+40 bps. The spread for life of this bond is closest to
Steyn and Shewag were discussing about utility value of investments and made the following statements
Steyn: The Co-efficient of Risk aversion has a major influence in deriving the utility value of an investment for each investor. Higher the coefficient of risk aversion higher will be the slope of the utility curve for the investor. A higher standard deviation in general will increase the utility value of an investment for a risk averse investor.
Shewag: The investor who is 'risk neutral' will have a risk aversion of coefficient of Zero and he will have flat utility curve. Higher the return, higher will be the utility value for a risk neutral investor irrespective of the volatility of the returns of the investment.
Steyn and Shewag were discussing about utility value of investments and made the following statements
Steyn: The Co-efficient of Risk aversion has a major influence in deriving the utility value of an investment for each investor. Higher the coefficient of risk aversion higher will be the slope of the utility curve for the investor. A higher standard deviation in general will increase the utility value of an investment for a risk averse investor.
Shewag: The investor who is 'risk neutral' will have a risk aversion of coefficient of Zero and he will have flat utility curve. Higher the return, higher will be the utility value for a risk neutral investor irrespective of the volatility of the returns of the investment.
a) Steyn is correct
b) Shewag is correct
c) Both are correct
Ans A: The utility value of an investment will be given by the formula
U = Expected Return – (0.5* Risk aversion coefficient * Variance of Return)
Shewag Statement 1: Correct. As per the above formula, if risk aversion coefficient is higher the investor's utility will drop drastically for each unit of increase in variance. In other words to derive the same utility, for each unit increase in risk a risk averse investor (i.e one with higher risk aversion coefficient) will demand higher return. Hence the most risk averse investor will have the steepest utility curve i.e slope of utility curve of risk averse investor will be higher.
Shewag Statement 2: Wrong. Intuitively, for a risk averse investor the utility value of an asset with higher risk will be lesser compared to a utility value of an asset with lesser risk. Hence this statement is wrong. Mathematically the risk averse investor will have a positive risk aversion coefficient. In the above formula if the risk aversion coefficient is positive for every unit increase in variance (holding return constant) the utility will decrease.
Steyn Statement 1: Correct. The risk neutral investor will have risk aversion coefficient of Zero. As per above formula if Risk aversion coefficient is Zero Utility value will be equal to expected return irrespective of the risk. Hence the utility value will be a straight line for risk neutral investor
Steyn Statement 2:Correct. In continuation with the above if the 2nd part of the equation is Zero then utility value is equal to Expected return. Hence as expected return increases utility value will increase for a risk neutral investor.
Below are the details related to the portfolio of MNA advisors.
Risk Free Rate 8%
Market Return 13.45%
Standard Deviation of Portfolio 18%
Beta of Portfolio 1.10
MNA advisors are evaluating addition of a new stock with an expected return of 13% and Standard Deviation of 25% to the portfolio. It is advisable to add the stock if new stock has
a) Coefficient of correlation of above 0.72 with the portfolio
b) Coefficient of correlation of above 0.80 with the portfolio
c) Coefficient of correlation of below 0.60 with the portfolio
i) Sharpe ratio measures the reward per unit of total risk
ii) Treynor ratio measures the reward per unit of un-diversifiable risk
iii) Jenson's alpha measures Excess return provided per unit of expected return
iv) M2 measures the excess risk premium generated by the portfolio (adjusted for the portfolio risk ) against risk premium of the market
a) i,ii
b) ii,iii,iv
c) I,ii,Iv
Ans C: Correct: Sharpe Ratio = (Rp – Rf)/ Standard deviation of Portfolio. The standard deviation includes both systematic and un-systematic risk. Correct: Treynor ratio = (Rp – Rf)/ Beta of Portfolio. The Beta includes only systematic risk which cannot be diversified Wrong : Jenson's alpha = Actual return – expected return. This provides measure absolute excess return and not excess return per unit Correct: M2 = (Rp- Rf)* SDm/ SDp - (Rm- Rf)
Below are the details related to the portfolio of MNA advisors.
Risk Free Rate 8%
Market Return 13.45%
Standard Deviation of Portfolio 18%
Beta of Portfolio 1.10
MNA advisors are evaluating addition of a new stock with an expected return of 13% and Standard Deviation of 25% to the portfolio. It is advisable to add the stock if new stock has
a) Coefficient of correlation of above 0.72 with the portfolio
b) Coefficient of correlation of above 0.80 with the portfolio
c) Coefficient of correlation of below 0.60 with the portfolio
Ans C: (Please refer page 300 in Equities section i.e book 4 )
Intuitively lesser the correlation better it is. However to identify the cut-off point we should use the following approach
A new stock can be added to the portfolio if
( Expected Return of New stock – Risk Free rate) / Standard Deviation of New Stock
Is Greater than
( Expected Return of Portfolio – Risk Free rate) / Standard Deviation of Portfolio * Coefficient of correlation between New stock and Portfolio
Now to test whether new stock can be added substitute above portfolio return and new stock's expected return of 13% and standard deviation of 25% in the first equation can be i.e