1. Advertisement: For sinus pain, three out of four hospitals give their patients Novex. So when you want the most effective painkiller for sinus pain, Novex is the one to choose.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the advertisements argument?
(A) Some competing brands of painkillers are intended to reduce other kinds of pain in addition to sinus pain.
(B) Many hospitals that do not usually use Novex will do so for those patients who cannot tolerate the drug the hospitals usually use.
(C) Many drug manufacturers increase sales of their products to hospitals by selling these products to the hospitals at the lowest price the manufacturers can afford.
(D) Unlike some competing brands of painkillers, Novex is available from pharmacies without a doctors prescription.
(E) In clinical trials Novex has been found more effective than competing brands of painkillers that have been on the market longer than Novex.
1. Advertisement: For sinus pain, three out of four hospitals give their patients Novex. So when you want the most effective painkiller for sinus pain, Novex is the one to choose.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the advertisements argument?
(A) Some competing brands of painkillers are intended to reduce other kinds of pain in addition to sinus pain.
(B) Many hospitals that do not usually use Novex will do so for those patients who cannot tolerate the drug the hospitals usually use.
(C) Many drug manufacturers increase sales of their products to hospitals by selling these products to the hospitals at the lowest price the manufacturers can afford.
(D) Unlike some competing brands of painkillers, Novex is available from pharmacies without a doctors prescription.
(E) In clinical trials Novex has been found more effective than competing brands of painkillers that have been on the market longer than Novex.
Ans should be (C) Since these are available at the lowest price affordable, the hospitals recommend Novex.
(A) this doesn't oppose as to why so many hospitals will recommend Novex.
(B) positive argument
(D) a medicine referred by any hospital, will be prescribed bya doctor.
(E) positive argument
1. Advertisement: For sinus pain, three out of four hospitals give their patients Novex. So when you want the most effective painkiller for sinus pain, Novex is the one to choose.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the advertisements argument?
(A) Some competing brands of painkillers are intended to reduce other kinds of pain in addition to sinus pain.
(B) Many hospitals that do not usually use Novex will do so for those patients who cannot tolerate the drug the hospitals usually use.
(C) Many drug manufacturers increase sales of their products to hospitals by selling these products to the hospitals at the lowest price the manufacturers can afford.
(D) Unlike some competing brands of painkillers, Novex is available from pharmacies without a doctors prescription.
(E) In clinical trials Novex has been found more effective than competing brands of painkillers that have been on the market longer than Novex.
Answer is C.Reason-:-To undermine the advertisement's claim, we have to look for an option that provides the reason for the increased sale other than the effectiveness of the drug. Option C fits here.
Twosome doze :-
Everyone , Pl. discuss these CRs both need a good understanding,,,,
Special CRs for Pg.250
Since the mayor's publicity campaign for Greenville's bus service began six months ago, morning automobile traffic into the midtown area of the city has decreased seven percent. During the same period, there has been an equivalent rise in the number of persons riding buses into the midtown area. Obviously, the mayor's publicity campaign has convinced many people to leave their cars at home and ride the bus to work.
Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the conclusion drawn above?
(A) Fares for all bus routes in Greenville have risen an average of five percent during the past six months.-----negates conclusion but doesn't mention anything about relative decrease in automobile traffic.
(B) The mayor of Greenville rides the bus to City Hall in the city's midtown area.---------suuports the conclusion somewhat so not the answer.
(C) Road reconstruction has greatly reduced the number of lanes available to commuters in major streets leading to the midtown area during the past six months.------ this leads to traffic increase in midtown area but nowhere it is mentioned that the would be driving commuters traveled by bus or automobiles in midtown area so not the answer.
(D) The number of buses entering the midtown area of Greenville during the morning hours is exactly the same now as it was one year ago.---- we don't know the bus attendance then, so not the answer
(E) Surveys show that longtime bus riders are no more satisfied with the Greenville bus service than they were before the mayor's publicity campaign began.-----this weakens the conclusion and is my answer.
In Asia, where palm trees are non-native, the trees' flowers have traditionally been pollinated by hand, which has kept palm fruit productivity unnaturally low. When weevils known to be efficient pollinators of palm flowers were introduced into Asia in 1980, palm fruit productivity increased-by up to fifty percent in some areas-but then decreased sharply in 1984.
Which of the following statements, if true, would best explain the 1984 decrease in productivity?
(A) Prices for palm fruit fell between 1980 and 1984 following the rise in production and a concurrent fall in demand.----negates the question
(B) Imported trees are often more productive than native trees because the imported ones have left behind their pests and diseases in their native lands.---- no reason for decrease in 84 stated.
(C) Rapid increases in productivity tend to deplete trees of nutrients needed for the development of the fruit-producing female flowers.----- it is close to answer because if female flowers' development is reduced to whom will weevil pollinate but it doesn't give any evidence for sudden decline in 84, the declined might have happened in 83 also
(D) The weevil population in Asia remained at approximately the same level between 1980 and 1984.----this is my answer because after 84 no projection is given so after that we speculate there was a decline in productivity
(E) Prior to 1980 another species of insect pollinated the Asian palm trees, but not as efficiently as the species of weevil that was introduced in 1980.---irrelevant
PS:Bishoo , pl. join me on SC 2010 I have subscribed to it and posted few SCs this is to you because I know you and want a few responses on that thread to push it , others can also participate.....
Twosome doze :-
Everyone , Pl. discuss these CRs both need a good understanding,,,,
Special CRs for Pg.250
Since the mayors publicity campaign for Greenvilles bus service began six months ago, morning automobile traffic into the midtown area of the city has decreased seven percent. During the same period, there has been an equivalent rise in the number of persons riding buses into the midtown area. Obviously, the mayors publicity campaign has convinced many people to leave their cars at home and ride the bus to work.
Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the conclusion drawn above?
(A) Fares for all bus routes in Greenville have risen an average of five percent during the past six months.-----negates conclusion but doesn't mention anything about relative decrease in automobile traffic.
(B) The mayor of Greenville rides the bus to City Hall in the citys midtown area.---------suuports the conclusion somewhat so not the answer.
(C) Road reconstruction has greatly reduced the number of lanes available to commuters in major streets leading to the midtown area during the past six months.------ this leads to traffic increase in midtown area but nowhere it is mentioned that the would be driving commuters traveled by bus or automobiles in midtown area so not the answer.
(D) The number of buses entering the midtown area of Greenville during the morning hours is exactly the same now as it was one year ago.---- we don't know the bus attendance then, so not the answer
(E) Surveys show that longtime bus riders are no more satisfied with the Greenville bus service than they were before the mayors publicity campaign began.-----this weakens the conclusion and is my answer.
In Asia, where palm trees are non-native, the trees flowers have traditionally been pollinated by hand, which has kept palm fruit productivity unnaturally low. When weevils known to be efficient pollinators of palm flowers were introduced into Asia in 1980, palm fruit productivity increasedby up to fifty percent in some areasbut then decreased sharply in 1984.
Which of the following statements, if true, would best explain the 1984 decrease in productivity?
(A) Prices for palm fruit fell between 1980 and 1984 following the rise in production and a concurrent fall in demand.----negates the question
(B) Imported trees are often more productive than native trees because the imported ones have left behind their pests and diseases in their native lands.---- no reason for decrease in 84 stated.
(C) Rapid increases in productivity tend to deplete trees of nutrients needed for the development of the fruit-producing female flowers.----- it is close to answer because if female flowers' development is reduced to whom will weevil pollinate but it doesn't give any evidence for sudden decline in 84, the declined might have happened in 83 also
(D) The weevil population in Asia remained at approximately the same level between 1980 and 1984.----this is my answer because after 84 no projection is given so after that we speculate there was a decline in productivity
(E) Prior to 1980 another species of insect pollinated the Asian palm trees, but not as efficiently as the species of weevil that was introduced in 1980.---irrelevant
I would go with (C) and (C)...
~lakesidey
Twosome doze :-
Everyone , Pl. discuss these CRs both need a good understanding,,,,
Special CRs for Pg.250
Since the mayors publicity campaign for Greenvilles bus service began six months ago, morning automobile traffic into the midtown area of the city has decreased seven percent. During the same period, there has been an equivalent rise in the number of persons riding buses into the midtown area. Obviously, the mayors publicity campaign has convinced many people to leave their cars at home and ride the bus to work.
Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the conclusion drawn above?
(A) Fares for all bus routes in Greenville have risen an average of five percent during the past six months.-----negates conclusion but doesn't mention anything about relative decrease in automobile traffic.
(B) The mayor of Greenville rides the bus to City Hall in the citys midtown area.---------suuports the conclusion somewhat so not the answer.
(C) Road reconstruction has greatly reduced the number of lanes available to commuters in major streets leading to the midtown area during the past six months.------ this leads to traffic increase in midtown area but nowhere it is mentioned that the would be driving commuters traveled by bus or automobiles in midtown area so not the answer.
(D) The number of buses entering the midtown area of Greenville during the morning hours is exactly the same now as it was one year ago.---- we don't know the bus attendance then, so not the answer
(E) Surveys show that longtime bus riders are no more satisfied with the Greenville bus service than they were before the mayors publicity campaign began.-----this weakens the conclusion and is my answer.
In Asia, where palm trees are non-native, the trees flowers have traditionally been pollinated by hand, which has kept palm fruit productivity unnaturally low. When weevils known to be efficient pollinators of palm flowers were introduced into Asia in 1980, palm fruit productivity increasedby up to fifty percent in some areasbut then decreased sharply in 1984.
Which of the following statements, if true, would best explain the 1984 decrease in productivity?
(A) Prices for palm fruit fell between 1980 and 1984 following the rise in production and a concurrent fall in demand.----negates the question
(B) Imported trees are often more productive than native trees because the imported ones have left behind their pests and diseases in their native lands.---- no reason for decrease in 84 stated.
(C) Rapid increases in productivity tend to deplete trees of nutrients needed for the development of the fruit-producing female flowers.----- it is close to answer because if female flowers' development is reduced to whom will weevil pollinate but it doesn't give any evidence for sudden decline in 84, the declined might have happened in 83 also
(D) The weevil population in Asia remained at approximately the same level between 1980 and 1984.----this is my answer because after 84 no projection is given so after that we speculate there was a decline in productivity
(E) Prior to 1980 another species of insect pollinated the Asian palm trees, but not as efficiently as the species of weevil that was introduced in 1980.---irrelevant
PS:Bishoo , pl. join me on SC 2010 I have subscribed to it and posted few SCs this is to you because I know you and want a few responses on that thread to push it , others can also participate.....
IMO 1.E 2. C
@hungrymind26 we need to find a reason why productivity came down and D is not providing any such reason.
Even i went with C... However, OA is D 
Magic_Awaits SaysAnswer is C.Reason-:-To undermine the advertisement's claim, we have to look for an option that provides the reason for the increased sale other than the effectiveness of the drug. Option C fits here.
14. A study of marital relationships in which one partners sleeping and waking cycles differ from those of the other partner reveals that such couples share fewer activities with each other and have more violent arguments than do couples in a relationship in which both partners follow the same sleeping and waking patterns. Thus, mismatched sleeping and waking cycles can seriously jeopardize a marriage.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
(A) Married couples in which both spouses follow the same sleeping and waking patterns also occasionally have arguments than can jeopardize the couples marriage.
(B) The sleeping and waking cycles of individuals tend to vary from season to season.
(C) The individuals who have sleeping and waking cycles that differ significantly from those of their spouses tend to argue little with colleagues at work.
(D) People in unhappy marriages have been found to express hostility by adopting a different sleeping and waking cycle from that of their spouses.
(E) According to a recent study, most peoples sleeping and waking cycles can be controlled and modified easily.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
(A) Married couples in which both spouses follow the same sleeping and waking patterns also occasionally have arguments than can jeopardize the couples marriage.
(B) The sleeping and waking cycles of individuals tend to vary from season to season.
(C) The individuals who have sleeping and waking cycles that differ significantly from those of their spouses tend to argue little with colleagues at work.
(D) People in unhappy marriages have been found to express hostility by adopting a different sleeping and waking cycle from that of their spouses.
(E) According to a recent study, most peoples sleeping and waking cycles can be controlled and modified easily.
14. A study of marital relationships in which one partners sleeping and waking cycles differ from those of the other partner reveals that such couples share fewer activities with each other and have more violent arguments than do couples in a relationship in which both partners follow the same sleeping and waking patterns. Thus, mismatched sleeping and waking cycles can seriously jeopardize a marriage.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
(A) Married couples in which both spouses follow the same sleeping and waking patterns also occasionally have arguments than can jeopardize the couples marriage.
(B) The sleeping and waking cycles of individuals tend to vary from season to season.
(C) The individuals who have sleeping and waking cycles that differ significantly from those of their spouses tend to argue little with colleagues at work.
(D) People in unhappy marriages have been found to express hostility by adopting a different sleeping and waking cycle from that of their spouses.
(E) According to a recent study, most peoples sleeping and waking cycles can be controlled and modified easily.
I would go with (D) as it reverses the cause-effect relationship!
~lakesidey
Correct.. can u explain the concept...
I would go with (D) as it reverses the cause-effect relationship!
~lakesidey
kapur.arnav SaysCorrect.. can u explain the concept...
Well....let me try, again, with a parallel example.
Suppose there was a fancy survey that says that children who sit far apart in class tend to be on bad terms with each other, and hence sitting far apart is conducive to children quarreling.
Wouldn't you feel this would be weakened if someone pointed out that the reason many people sit far apart from others is that they don't get along with those others in the first place?
Similarly here, if the reason people are sleeping on different time cycles is because they are quarreling, we can't very well say that they are quarrelling because they are on different time-cycles! We would be confusing the cause-effect relation between the two happenings.
Hope it made sense :)
~lakesidey
well said scrabbler!! OA - CC
For my 1st CR
Canu pl. explain(by example:cheerio:) why you marked "C"
Phirozz , I got your point I have misunderstood the 2nd CR.No justification needed for 2nd one...
14. A study of marital relationships in which one partners sleeping and waking cycles differ from those of the other partner reveals that such couples share fewer activities with each other and have more violent arguments than do couples in a relationship in which both partners follow the same sleeping and waking patterns. Thus, mismatched sleeping and waking cycles can seriously jeopardize a marriage.----weakens conclusion not the argument
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
(A) Married couples in which both spouses follow the same sleeping and waking patterns also occasionally have arguments than can jeopardize the couples marriage.
(B) The sleeping and waking cycles of individuals tend to vary from season to season.
(C) The individuals who have sleeping and waking cycles that differ significantly from those of their spouses tend to argue little with colleagues at work.---- irrelevant
(D) People in unhappy marriages have been found to express hostility by adopting a different sleeping and waking cycle from that of their spouses.
(E) According to a recent study, most peoples sleeping and waking cycles can be controlled and modified easily.
I marked (B) as the option because argument says that couples with different work and sleep cycles share fewer activities and more arguments as compared to couples with similar cycles, i.e incompatibility in work cycles between spouses leads to hostility right..
Now,if cycles vary every season then in the next season similar cycle couples may become more argumentative and so such couples become more hostile than other who may be less hostile as the season has changed, thus our argument for incompatibility becomes a seasonal affair
doesn't this also weaken the argument..Correct me where I'm wrong
PS:- Scrabbler , obviously i have got satisfied with your expln. for (D) and I strongly feel that it's the answer.
well said scrabbler!! OA - CC
For my 1st CR
Canu pl. explain(by example:cheerio:) why you marked "C"
Couldn't come up with a good parallel example which is why I was quite unsure on this one actually. Still let me try to explain my thought process:
Since the mayors publicity campaign for Greenvilles bus service began six months ago, morning automobile traffic into the midtown area of the city has decreased seven percent. During the same period, there has been an equivalent rise in the number of persons riding buses into the midtown area. Obviously, the mayors publicity campaign has convinced many people to leave their cars at home and ride the bus to work.
Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the conclusion drawn above?
The conclusion (see the part I've marked in bold above) is that new people have started travelling by the bus because of the mayor's efforts. It is a fact that there are more people on the buses (see the part I've marked in italics above), so to contradict the conclusion, we should find some other reason which might have caused the increase.
(A) Fares for all bus routes in Greenville have risen an average of five percent during the past six months. - This would cause the number of commuters to reduce, so if in spite of this people have increased, this would support the conclusion.
(B) The mayor of Greenville rides the bus to City Hall in the citys midtown area. - Irrelevant.
(C) Road reconstruction has greatly reduced the number of lanes available to commuters in major streets leading to the midtown area during the past six months. - This would make driving much more painful, and hence people might go by bus instead. So it does give some alternate reason why people might choose to go by bus rather than taking their own vehicles, Hence I chose this one.
(D) The number of buses entering the midtown area of Greenville during the morning hours is exactly the same now as it was one year ago. - Doesn't add any information of value since we already know the people riding the buses are more in number. Just says the buses must be more packed. Not relevant to the argument.
(E) Surveys show that longtime bus riders are no more satisfied with the Greenville bus service than they were before the mayors publicity campaign began. - Seems nice, but actually not relevant. Longtime bus riders are still riding the buses anyway. Remember the conclusion is that is that new people have started traveling by the bus because of the efforts. So even if the old ones are not more satisfied, as long as new ones join it is still not going against the conclusion.
~lakesidey
Couldn't come up with a good parallel example which is why I was quite unsure on this one actually. Still let me try to explain my thought process:
Since the mayors publicity campaign for Greenvilles bus service began six months ago, morning automobile traffic into the midtown area of the city has decreased seven percent. During the same period, there has been an equivalent rise in the number of persons riding buses into the midtown area. Obviously, the mayors publicity campaign has convinced many people to leave their cars at home and ride the bus to work.
Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the conclusion drawn above?
The conclusion (see the part I've marked in bold above) is that new people have started travelling by the bus because of the mayor's efforts. It is a fact that there are more people on the buses (see the part I've marked in italics above), so to contradict the conclusion, we should find some other reason which might have caused the increase.
(A) Fares for all bus routes in Greenville have risen an average of five percent during the past six months. - This would cause the number of commuters to reduce, so if in spite of this people have increased, this would support the conclusion.
(B) The mayor of Greenville rides the bus to City Hall in the citys midtown area. - Irrelevant.
(C) Road reconstruction has greatly reduced the number of lanes available to commuters in major streets leading to the midtown area during the past six months. - This would make driving much more painful, and hence people might go by bus instead. So it does give some alternate reason why people might choose to go by bus rather than taking their own vehicles, Hence I chose this one.
(D) The number of buses entering the midtown area of Greenville during the morning hours is exactly the same now as it was one year ago. - Doesn't add any information of value since we already know the people riding the buses are more in number. Just says the buses must be more packed. Not relevant to the argument.
(E) Surveys show that longtime bus riders are no more satisfied with the Greenville bus service than they were before the mayors publicity campaign began. - Seems nice, but actually not relevant. Longtime bus riders are still riding the buses anyway. Remember the conclusion is that is that new people have started traveling by the bus because of the efforts. So even if the old ones are not more satisfied, as long as new ones join it is still not going against the conclusion.
~lakesidey
ok got this one ...
What abt my justification for arnav's CR what is the counter for me in that? I have posted my justification,,pl.. see and reply,, You have the power of VETO
....such couples share fewer activities with each other and have more violent arguments than do couples in a relationship in which both partners follow the same sleeping and waking patterns. Thus, mismatched sleeping and waking cycles can seriously jeopardize a marriage.
(Why I eliminated option (B)...about sleeping cycles varying seasonally...)
Now if sleeping cycles vary seasonally, that means people will quarrel during that time and that may jeopardise their marriage then. It doesn't take long for a divorce after all! All the statement is saying is that if sleeping cycles are not matching (not necessarily in long term, could be even short-term) the people will quarrel.
I feel (D) was a stronger one simply because it was guaranteed to weaken the conclusion. (B) need not, it would require further research into (for example) how long the mismatch of sleep cycles should last for it to cause damage - only if it turns out that it requires a long time for this to happen would it weaken the conclusion.
~lakesidey
(Why I eliminated option (B)...about sleeping cycles varying seasonally...)
Now if sleeping cycles vary seasonally, that means people will quarrel during that time and that may jeopardise their marriage then. It doesn't take long for a divorce after all! All the statement is saying is that if sleeping cycles are not matching (not necessarily in long term, could be even short-term) the people will quarrel.
I feel (D) was a stronger one simply because it was guaranteed to weaken the conclusion. (B) need not, it would require further research into (for example) how long the mismatch of sleep cycles should last for it to cause damage - only if it turns out that it requires a long time for this to happen would it weaken the conclusion.
~lakesidey
kapur.arnav SaysEven i went with C... However, OA is D
This is OG11 question No 10. OA is C. Please check your source.
14. A study of marital relationships in which one partners sleeping and waking cycles differ from those of the other partner reveals that such couples share fewer activities with each other and have more violent arguments than do couples in a relationship in which both partners follow the same sleeping and waking patterns. Thus, mismatched sleeping and waking cycles can seriously jeopardize a marriage.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
(A) Married couples in which both spouses follow the same sleeping and waking patterns also occasionally have arguments than can jeopardize the couples marriage.
(B) The sleeping and waking cycles of individuals tend to vary from season to season.
(C) The individuals who have sleeping and waking cycles that differ significantly from those of their spouses tend to argue little with colleagues at work.
(D) People in unhappy marriages have been found to express hostility by adopting a different sleeping and waking cycle from that of their spouses.
(E) According to a recent study, most peoples sleeping and waking cycles can be controlled and modified easily.
Correct answer is D.
http://www.pagalguy.com/forum/gmat-and-related-discussions/20700-gmat-critical-reasoning-discussions-252.html#post1945789
@magic...
My take is on E. D is not correct since its talking about unhappy marriages not about reasons which lead to marraige failure.
Twosome doze :-
Everyone , Pl. discuss these CRs both need a good understanding,,,,
Special CRs for Pg.250
Since the mayor's publicity campaign for Greenville's bus service began six months ago, morning automobile traffic into the midtown area of the city has decreased seven percent. During the same period, there has been an equivalent rise in the number of persons riding buses into the midtown area. Obviously, the mayor's publicity campaign has convinced many people to leave their cars at home and ride the bus to work.
Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the conclusion drawn above?
(A) Fares for all bus routes in Greenville have risen an average of five percent during the past six months.-----negates conclusion but doesn't mention anything about relative decrease in automobile traffic.
(B) The mayor of Greenville rides the bus to City Hall in the city's midtown area.---------suuports the conclusion somewhat so not the answer.
(C) Road reconstruction has greatly reduced the number of lanes available to commuters in major streets leading to the midtown area during the past six months.------ this leads to traffic increase in midtown area but nowhere it is mentioned that the would be driving commuters traveled by bus or automobiles in midtown area so not the answer.
(D) The number of buses entering the midtown area of Greenville during the morning hours is exactly the same now as it was one year ago.---- we don't know the bus attendance then, so not the answer
(E) Surveys show that longtime bus riders are no more satisfied with the Greenville bus service than they were before the mayor's publicity campaign began.-----this weakens the conclusion and is my answer.
In Asia, where palm trees are non-native, the trees' flowers have traditionally been pollinated by hand, which has kept palm fruit productivity unnaturally low. When weevils known to be efficient pollinators of palm flowers were introduced into Asia in 1980, palm fruit productivity increased-by up to fifty percent in some areas-but then decreased sharply in 1984.
Which of the following statements, if true, would best explain the 1984 decrease in productivity?
(A) Prices for palm fruit fell between 1980 and 1984 following the rise in production and a concurrent fall in demand.----negates the question
(B) Imported trees are often more productive than native trees because the imported ones have left behind their pests and diseases in their native lands.---- no reason for decrease in 84 stated.
(C) Rapid increases in productivity tend to deplete trees of nutrients needed for the development of the fruit-producing female flowers.----- it is close to answer because if female flowers' development is reduced to whom will weevil pollinate but it doesn't give any evidence for sudden decline in 84, the declined might have happened in 83 also
(D) The weevil population in Asia remained at approximately the same level between 1980 and 1984.----this is my answer because after 84 no projection is given so after that we speculate there was a decline in productivity
(E) Prior to 1980 another species of insect pollinated the Asian palm trees, but not as efficiently as the species of weevil that was introduced in 1980.---irrelevant
PS:Bishoo , pl. join me on SC 2010 I have subscribed to it and posted few SCs this is to you because I know you and want a few responses on that thread to push it , others can also participate.....
First question--My Answer is C. Since there were fewer lanes available the private automobile owner tend to avoid the high traffic.Thus this undermines the conclusion that mayor's campaign is responsible for reduced traffic.Second Question--My Answer is again C. It is only choice that talks some logic.