OAs are
A
C
B
D
No OA available
D
Pls provide the reasonings......
Pls provide the reasonings......
1.In the years since the city of London imposed strict air-pollution regulations on local industry, the number of bird species seen in and around London has increased dramatically. Similar air-pollution rules should be imposed in other major cities.
Each of the following is an assumption made in the argument above EXCEPT:
(A) In most major cities, air-pollution problems are caused almost entirely by local industry.
(B) Air-pollution regulations on industry have a significant impact on the quality of the air.
(C) The air-pollution problems of other major cities are basically similar to those once suffered by London.
(D) An increase in the number of bird species in and around a city is desirable.
(E) The increased sightings of bird species in and around London reflect an actual increase in the number of species in the area.
2.The burden of maintaining the U.S. highway system falls disproportionately on the trucking industry. Trucks represent only about 10 percent of the vehicles on U.S. roads. Yet road use taxes assessed on trucks amount to almost half the taxes paid for highway upkeep and repair.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?
(A) The trucking industry has enjoyed record after-tax profits in three of the past four years.
(B) Because of their weight, trucks cause over 50 percent of the damage sustained by highway surfaces each year.
(C) Without an economically viable trucking industry, the cost of goods in the United States would rise significantly.
(D) Road use taxes paid by trucking companies have decreased by 3 percent over the past five years.
(E) Due to years of neglect, U.S. highways today are badly in need of major repairs and rebuilding.
3.As an experienced labor organizer and the former head of one of the nations most powerful labor unions, Grayson is an excellent choice to chair the new council on business-labor relations.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion above?
(A) The new council must have the support of the nations labor leaders if it is to succeed.
(B) During his years as a labor leader, Grayson established a record of good relations with business leaders.
(C) The chair of the new council must be a person who can communicate directly with the leaders of the nations largest labor unions.
(D) Most of the other members of the new council will be representatives of business management interests.
(E) An understanding of the needs and problems of labor is the only qualification necessary for the job of chairing the new council.
4.Ronald: According to my analysis of the national economy, housing prices should not increase during the next six months unless interest rates drop significantly.
Mark: I disagree. One year ago, when interest rates last fell significantly, housing prices did not increase at all.
It can be inferred from the conversation above that Mark has interpreted Ronalds statement to mean that
(A) housing prices will rise only if interest rates fall
(B) if interest rates fall, housing prices must rise
(C) interest rates and housing prices tend to rise and fall together
(D) interest rates are the only significant economic factor affecting housing prices
(E) interest rates are likely to fall significantly in the next six months
Ashish - What are the OAs for these please ?
1.A marriage counselor noted that couples who have occasional violent arguments are less likely to divorce within the next six months than those who have frequent but less violent arguments. He concluded that frequent arguing is a major factor in the causation of severe marital disharmony.
The counselor's conclusion is most weakened by which of the following observations?
A. Couples who have already come to the point of divorce argue continuously over small matters.
B. People who have recently divorced are more likely to argue violently when they meet.
C. Many people in happy marriages have occasional violent arguments.
D. Recently divorced people rarely cite frequent arguments as a cause of marital disharmony
E. A significant fraction of couples close to divorce do not talk to each other.
Counselor's conclusion : "frequent arguing is a major factor in the causation of severe marital disharmony". Which option weakens this conclusion ?
A. Couples who have already come to the point of divorce argue continuously over small matters. This option weakens the conclusion most strongly because it means that couples marriage is already in jeopardy may be due to some other reason and then they started arguing frequently.
A should be the answer.
2.The Dean claimed that, as a result of continued cutbacks in the budget for pure science research, fewer students are choosing a career in physics, and therefore the number of postgraduate students studying physics is likely to decline.
Which of the following, if true, casts most doubt on the Dean's conclusion?
A. The number of students majoring in physics at the undergraduate level has been increasing steadily over the years, a trend that is expected to continue.
B. The number of students studying chemistry declined even before cutbacks in research funding were noted.
C. Most postgraduate students of physics move to careers in computer science and engineering.
D. The Dean's own university has recently increased the number of staff members teaching physics.
E. The budget cutbacks are less severe for the pure sciences than for applied sciences.
I am stumped that the OA is C, I thought it would be A.
3.A nature conservancy expert found little support for his campaign to protect toads. He suggested that, even thought the campaign highlighted the vital role the toads played in the ecology of the region, people were unenthusiastic about saving toads as these animals are perceived as unpleasant creatures, and people seldom feel passionate about animals with which they have no positive feelings.
The expert's opinion would be most strengthened by which of the following observations?
A. Ecological conservation is an increasingly important concern in the region.
B. A recent campaign to save bats achieved a measure of success only after a cartoon bat was adopted as the mascot of the local football team.
C. Snakes and lizards also need protection in this region as a result of human activity.
D. The campaign to protect toads has been in existence for over five years and yet the toad population continues to decline.
E. The children in the local schools were found to have a greater aversion to toads than to snakes.
The reason which conservancy expert gave will be strenghen if it can be verified by giving a similar example as given in option B by saying that plan to save bats only became a success after its popularity increased among people due to local football team.
B should be the answer.
4.A fruit known as amla in certain parts of Asia is an excellent source of vitamin C. A small quantity of the fruit grated and added to salads provides almost all the daily requirement of this vitamin. However, the fruit is very sour. A new process designed to remove most of the sour taste will make the fruit acceptable to American tastes. We are therefore starting to grow this fruit for sale in the United States.
The argument above assumes all of the following except
A. Americans generally won't eat very sour foods
B. The new process does not remove a significant part of the vitamin content
C. That a market exists for a new source of vitamin C
D. The fruit can be used only in salads
E. Apart from being sour there are no other objections to eating this fruit.
The statement and conclusion made about Amla will not be weakend if the statement D : The fruit can be used only in salads is negated as Amla could be used in other forms like juice, etc.
So, D should be the answer.
6.A rare disease, malicitis, is being diagnosed with increasing frequency. The number of cases reported this year is more than double the number reported four years ago. The government should now allocate more funds for treatment and prevention of malicitis.
All of the following, if true, would weaken the conclusion except
A. funds already available for research in malicitis are currently under-utilized
B. a new test employed for the first time this year detects malicitis at a considerably earlier stage in the development of the disease
C. the number of cases reported this year represents the same fraction of the population as reported in all of the last five years
D. a committee of experts reviewed the funding four years ago
E. a private foundation has committed sufficient funds to cover treatment and prevention needs as well as research for the next five years
:huh:
The government should now allocate more funds for treatment and prevention of malicitis as its getting traced in more people.
Which option would weaken the conclusion except all of the given in other ways Which option would strenghten the conclusion that more funds should be allocated.
option D says that experts reviewed the funding four years ago when malicitis was diagnosed in only half the people. So, now is the time to review the fund allocation again.
Hence, answer should be D.
Hope it helps!
1.A marriage counselor noted that couples who have occasional violent arguments are less likely to divorce within the next six months than those who have frequent but less violent arguments. He concluded that frequent arguing is a major factor in the causation of severe marital disharmony.
The counselor's conclusion is most weakened by which of the following observations?
A. Couples who have already come to the point of divorce argue continuously over small matters.
B. People who have recently divorced are more likely to argue violently when they meet.
C. Many people in happy marriages have occasional violent arguments.
D. Recently divorced people rarely cite frequent arguments as a cause of marital disharmony
E. A significant fraction of couples close to divorce do not talk to each other.
I am still not convinced by the OA A. I think E should be the answer.
Can any one help in explaining this
2.The Dean claimed that, as a result of continued cutbacks in the budget for pure science research, fewer students are choosing a career in physics, and therefore the number of postgraduate students studying physics is likely to decline.
Which of the following, if true, casts most doubt on the Dean's conclusion?
A. The number of students majoring in physics at the undergraduate level has been increasing steadily over the years, a trend that is expected to continue.
B. The number of students studying chemistry declined even before cutbacks in research funding were noted.
C. Most postgraduate students of physics move to careers in computer science and engineering.
D. The Dean's own university has recently increased the number of staff members teaching physics.
E. The budget cutbacks are less severe for the pure sciences than for applied sciences.
I think C is the answer because the students are not moving because of lack of budget for research because if that's the case then they will move to all kinds of fields.
But since they are moving to only physics and C.Sc. they are simply interested in these fields.
I am not sure about this.. can any one help
Hi,
I have this one question from GMATprep.
Please ind it in the attachment.
Also give the reasoning.
Thanks.
1.A marriage counselor noted that couples who have occasional violent arguments are less likely to divorce within the next six months than those who have frequent but less violent arguments. He concluded that frequent arguing is a major factor in the causation of severe marital disharmony.
The counselors conclusion is most weakened by which of the following observations?
A. Couples who have already come to the point of divorce argue continuously over small matters.
B. People who have recently divorced are more likely to argue violently when they meet.
C. Many people in happy marriages have occasional violent arguments.
D. Recently divorced people rarely cite frequent arguments as a cause of marital disharmony
E. A significant fraction of couples close to divorce do not talk to each other.
I am still not convinced by the OA A. I think E should be the answer.
Can any one help in explaining this
I'll try to explain -
The conclusion said - "frequent arguing is a major factor in the causation of severe marital disharmony."
Option A directly attacks the conclusion in which counselor states that marital disharmony is caused by frequent arguments BUT as per option A marital disharmony has already taken place due to some other reason and then frequent arguments started so these arguments could not be the major factor.
If option A had not been here, E would have become definite answer but for now option E is the 2nd most probable answer.
Hope it helps!
Counselor's conclusion : "frequent arguing is a major factor in the causation of severe marital disharmony". Which option weakens this conclusion ?
A. Couples who have already come to the point of divorce argue continuously over small matters. This option weakens the conclusion most strongly because it means that couples marriage is already in jeopardy may be due to some other reason and then they started arguing frequently.
A should be the answer.
I am stumped that the OA is C, I thought it would be A.
The reason which conservancy expert gave will be strenghen if it can be verified by giving a similar example as given in option B by saying that plan to save bats only became a success after its popularity increased among people due to local football team.
B should be the answer.
The statement and conclusion made about Amla will not be weakend if the statement D : The fruit can be used only in salads is negated as Amla could be used in other forms like juice, etc.
So, D should be the answer.
The government should now allocate more funds for treatment and prevention of malicitis as its getting traced in more people.
Which option would weaken the conclusion except all of the given in other ways Which option would strenghten the conclusion that more funds should be allocated.
option D says that experts reviewed the funding four years ago when malicitis was diagnosed in only half the people. So, now is the time to review the fund allocation again.
Hence, answer should be D.
Hope it helps!
CCouls u pls explain.......
3. why not D?
4.why not A?
CCouls u pls explain.......
3. why not D?
4.why not A?
I'll try to explain -
3.A nature conservancy expert found little support for his campaign to protect toads. He suggested that, even though the campaign highlighted the vital role the toads played in the ecology of the region, people were unenthusiastic about saving toads as these animals are perceived as unpleasant creatures, and people seldom feel passionate about animals with which they have no positive feelings.
The expert's opinion would be most strengthened by which of the following observations?
B. A recent campaign to save bats achieved a measure of success only after a cartoon bat was adopted as the mascot of the local football team.
D. The campaign to protect toads has been in existence for over five years and yet the toad population continues to decline.
D can't be the answer because option D repeats the same thing which conservance expert has already mentioned in the statement above. To be more correct, this option gives an example that even though campaign is running since 5 years but no positive results have shown up.
For strengthening the author's conculsion, you have to show some other reason and thats why B is more appropriate.
4.A fruit known as amla in certain parts of Asia is an excellent source of vitamin C. A small quantity of the fruit grated and added to salads provides almost all the daily requirement of this vitamin. However, the fruit is very sour. A new process designed to remove most of the sour taste will make the fruit acceptable to American tastes. We are therefore starting to grow this fruit for sale in the United States.
The argument above assumes all of the following except -
A. Americans generally won't eat very sour foods
D. The fruit can be used only in salads
This is easy...if you'll look at the paragraph closely, it says that "However, the fruit is very sour. A new process designed to remove most of the sour taste will make the fruit acceptable to American tastes."
This means that Americans generally dont prefer very sour food and thats why sourness of amla is being reduced by processing it. Thus A can't be the answer.
Hope it helps!
1.A marriage counselor noted that couples who have occasional violent arguments are less likely to divorce within the next six months than those who have frequent but less violent arguments. He concluded that frequent arguing is a major factor in the causation of severe marital disharmony.
The counselors conclusion is most weakened by which of the following observations?
A. Couples who have already come to the point of divorce argue continuously over small matters.
B. People who have recently divorced are more likely to argue violently when they meet.
C. Many people in happy marriages have occasional violent arguments.
D. Recently divorced people rarely cite frequent arguments as a cause of marital disharmony
E. A significant fraction of couples close to divorce do not talk to each other.
I am still not convinced by the OA A. I think E should be the answer.
Can any one help in explaining this
2.The Dean claimed that, as a result of continued cutbacks in the budget for pure science research, fewer students are choosing a career in physics, and therefore the number of postgraduate students studying physics is likely to decline.
Which of the following, if true, casts most doubt on the Deans conclusion?
A. The number of students majoring in physics at the undergraduate level has been increasing steadily over the years, a trend that is expected to continue.
B. The number of students studying chemistry declined even before cutbacks in research funding were noted.
C. Most postgraduate students of physics move to careers in computer science and engineering.
D. The Deans own university has recently increased the number of staff members teaching physics.
E. The budget cutbacks are less severe for the pure sciences than for applied sciences.
I think C is the answer because the students are not moving because of lack of budget for research because if that's the case then they will move to all kinds of fields.
But since they are moving to only physics and C.Sc. they are simply interested in these fields.
I am not sure about this.. can any one help
The first one is a classic case of challenging the argument "A implies B" by giving evidence that actually "B causes A"...
A = frequent arguments and B=severe disharmony/close to divorce
I admit i did not spot it at first either:death:
The second one is C because the statement question is like this:
"continued cutbacks in the budget for pure science research" causes "fewer students are choosing a career in physics" causes "decline in the number of postgraduate students studying physics"
Option C attackes the second "causes" here by saying that fewer students choosing a career in physics need not necessarily cause a decline in number of postgraduate students studying physics. because they can plan a career in computer-sci or engineering and still go for postgraduate in physics as most students are doing based on C.
This one stumped me...anyone else thinks C is the answer? Here is the question answer and explanation.
"
3. Which of the following most logically completes the argument?
A certain cultivated herb is one of a group of closely related plants that thrive in soil with high concentrations of metals that are toxic to most other plants. Agronomists studying the herb have discovered that it produces large amounts of histidine, an amino acid that, in test-tube solutions, renders these metals chemically inert. Possibly, therefore, the herb's high histidine production is what allows it to grow in metal-rich soils, a hypothesis that would gain support if ______.
A. histidine is found in all parts of the plant - roots, stem, leaves, and flowers.
B. the herb's high level of histidine production is found to be associated with an unusually low level of production of other amino acids
C. others of the closely related group of plants are also found to produce histidine in large quantities
D. cultivation of the herb in soil with high concentrations of the metals will, over an extended period, make the soil suitable for plants to which the metals are toxic
E. the concentration of histidine in the growing herb declines as the plant approaches maturity
A Irrelevant.
B Irrelevant.
C First, the argument concerns ONE plant out of a group of related plants. The argument does not involve the other plants in that group. Second, the fact that histidine renders the toxic metals inert IN TEST-TUBE solutions does not mean that the herb releases histidine so as to render these same toxic metals inert in soil (and that's the ASSUMPTION here-that since histidine deactivates toxic metals in test-tubes, perhaps it does the same thing when produced and released by this particular herb in soil. The argument does NOT say that the plant, while growing in test-tube solutions, produces large amounts of histidine, thereby rendering the metals inert. We really need something that links the laboratory information to the real world and C does not provide it.
E This actually tends to weaken the argument and therefore can't be the logical completion of the argument. If the concentration of histidine produced (released?) declines as the plant approaches maturity, then unless these plants die at maturity (or some other undisclosed phenomenon occurs), the histidine-producing capacity must not be so important to the toxic metal question as the argument seems to want us to believe.
ANSWER: D If the herb produces a significant amount of histidine as a metabolic process, and if histidine renders the toxic metals inert in test-tubes, and if the cultivation of this particular herb in "toxic metal-rich" soil apparently renders the toxic metals in the soil inert (this is basically what Choice D states), then perhaps the herb's high histidine production is, in fact, what allows the herb itself to grow in metal-rich soils.
"
sorry i got this now...the "in test tube solutions" part was the key..there was a flaw in my interpretation of the question...
This one stumped me...anyone else thinks C is the answer? Here is the question answer and explanation.
"
3. Which of the following most logically completes the argument?
A certain cultivated herb is one of a group of closely related plants that thrive in soil with high concentrations of metals that are toxic to most other plants. Agronomists studying the herb have discovered that it produces large amounts of histidine, an amino acid that, in test-tube solutions, renders these metals chemically inert. Possibly, therefore, the herbs high histidine production is what allows it to grow in metal-rich soils, a hypothesis that would gain support if ______.
A.histidine is found in all parts of the plant roots, stem, leaves, and flowers.
B.the herbs high level of histidine production is found to be associated with an unusually low level of production of other amino acids
C.others of the closely related group of plants are also found to produce histidine in large quantities
D.cultivation of the herb in soil with high concentrations of the metals will, over an extended period, make the soil suitable for plants to which the metals are toxic
E.the concentration of histidine in the growing herb declines as the plant approaches maturity
"
@abouttime
I have seen this question earlier on PG and I think that the answer should be D, here are my reasons -
The option D gives a different reason in support of the conclusion that if this herb is cultivated in that soil then, the soil's toxic metal will get inerted and other plants can also grow there.
The option C repeats what is already inferred from the passage when it says that other plants in the group also release histidine like this herb. In the passage, its already mentioned that "A certain cultivated herb is one of a group of closely related plants" that means all other plants in this group also do the same.
Thus option D strenghtens the conculsion more than C does.
Hope it helps!
The owner of a four-story commercial building discovered in termites in the building's first and second floors and called an exterminator. The exterminator pumped gas into the walls on both the first and second floors. Due to the exterminator's work, the termites on those floors were killed quickly.
Which of the following, if true most seriously undermines the validity of the explanation for the speed with which the termites were killed?
1) The 3rd floor had no termite infestation
2) Even though the exterminator did not pump gas into the walls of the 4th story, the termites died their as quickly as they did on the first and second stories.
3) The speed at which termites are killed increases as the concentration of an exterminator's gas increases.
4) The speed with which the exterminator's gas kills termites drops off sharply as the gas dissipates throughout the building's walls.
5) The exterminator's gas-pumping system works efficiently even when pumping gas into both the first and second stories of the building simultaneously.
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According to a recent study, a diet that is free of meat and dairy products greatly reduces the risk of suffering a heart attack. The study cites the fact that only 100% of those who consume such a diet suffer a heart attack at some point in their lives.
Which of the following would most seriously weaken the argument above?
1) Diets free of meat and dairy are low in calcium, which can lead to bone density decreases.
2) Those who consume only dairy but not meat are twice as likely to suffer a heart attack as those who consume neither meat nor dairy.
3) Some people who consume neither dairy nor meat suffer 2 or more heart attacks over the course of a lifetime.
4) Meat and dairy products are high in low density cholesterol, which is known to harden arteries and cause other heart problems.
5) 7% of those who consume dairy and meat regularly suffer heart attacks over the course of their lifetime.
The owner of a four-story commercial building discovered in termites in the building's first and second floors and called an exterminator. The exterminator pumped gas into the walls on both the first and second floors. Due to the exterminator's work, the termites on those floors were killed quickly.
Which of the following, if true most seriously undermines the validity of the explanation for the speed with which the termites were killed?
1) The 3rd floor had no termite infestation
2) Even though the exterminator did not pump gas into the walls of the 4th story, the termites died their as quickly as they did on the first and second stories.
3) The speed at which termites are killed increases as the concentration of an exterminator's gas increases.
4) The speed with which the exterminator's gas kills termites drops off sharply as the gas dissipates throughout the building's walls.
5) The exterminator's gas-pumping system works efficiently even when pumping gas into both the first and second stories of the building simultaneously.
Answer shud be 2 (or B)
option B suggests that it is something else other than the exterminator's work that might have killed the termites quickly.
The owner of a four-story commercial building discovered in termites in the building's first and second floors and called an exterminator.
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According to a recent study, a diet that is free of meat and dairy products greatly reduces the risk of suffering a heart attack. The study cites the fact that only 100% of those who consume such a diet suffer a heart attack at some point
For the first one Option 2
In the second one I guess what is meant is 10% not 100%. Option 4 is correct.
For the first one Option 2
In the second one I guess what is meant is 10% not 100%. Option 4 is correct.
I think it shud be option 5. coz it directly compares the risks from the two diets.
Why dyu think its 4?
I think it shud be option 5. coz it directly compares the risks from the two diets.
Why dyu think its 4?
It should actually be 3. I didn't interpret the question correctly. We have to present an argument which states that even people not taking milk and dairy products are at risk when it comes to heart problems.
The owner of a four-story commercial building discovered in termites in the building's first and second floors and called an exterminator. The exterminator pumped gas into the walls on both the first and second floors. Due to the exterminator's work, the termites on those floors were killed quickly.
Which of the following, if true most seriously undermines the validity of the explanation for the speed with which the termites were killed?
1) The 3rd floor had no termite infestation
2) Even though the exterminator did not pump gas into the walls of the 4th story, the termites died their as quickly as they did on the first and second stories.
3) The speed at which termites are killed increases as the concentration of an exterminator's gas increases.
4) The speed with which the exterminator's gas kills termites drops off sharply as the gas dissipates throughout the building's walls.
5) The exterminator's gas-pumping system works efficiently even when pumping gas into both the first and second stories of the building simultaneously.
------------------------------------------------------------------
According to a recent study, a diet that is free of meat and dairy products greatly reduces the risk of suffering a heart attack. The study cites the fact that only 100% of those who consume such a diet suffer a heart attack at some point in their lives.
Which of the following would most seriously weaken the argument above?
1) Diets free of meat and dairy are low in calcium, which can lead to bone density decreases.
2) Those who consume only dairy but not meat are twice as likely to suffer a heart attack as those who consume neither meat nor dairy.
3) Some people who consume neither dairy nor meat suffer 2 or more heart attacks over the course of a lifetime.
4) Meat and dairy products are high in low density cholesterol, which is known to harden arteries and cause other heart problems.
5) 7% of those who consume dairy and meat regularly suffer heart attacks over the course of their lifetime.
2 And 5.
What are the OAs?
The OAs are 2 and 5. Can someone plz explain? Thanks a lot!
2 And 5.
What are the OAs?
*arch* SaysThe OAs are 2 and 5. Can someone plz explain? Thanks a lot!
option 5 for Q2 because it says that only 7% of people who consume meat and dairy products regularly suffer heart attacks over the course of their lifetime thereby suggesting that consuming these is not a big health risk and reducing the intake of these would not reduce the risk of heart attacks.
Q1 The reason being given for the termites dying quickly on first and second floors is the pumping of gas into the walls. Option 2 weakens this argument by saying that the termites on the 4th floor died quickly as well despite gas not being pumped into the walls.
P.S. I seem to have really messed up the answer to Q2 even after changing my choice of answer.:)