From 1965 to 1988, spending on food in the United States climbed 46 percent. But over that same period, spending on food to be consumed at home purchased mainly from supermarkets grew by only 20 percent.
Which of the following statements about the period from 1965 to 1988 in the United States is best supported by the statements above?
(A) Spending on food increased at restaurants and other food retailers that prepare food to be consumed away from home.
(B) Shoppers spent more on certain food products to be consumed at home that are not generally available in supermarkets.
(C) Food prices at supermarkets neither rose nor dropped relative to food prices at other food retailers.
(D) There was a decrease in the number of heads of households, who tend to spend more than other household members on food consumed away from home.
(E) The number of people who ate at restaurants decreased relative to the number of people who ordered take-out food from restaurants.
From 1965 to 1988, spending on food in the United States climbed 46 percent. But over that same period, spending on food to be consumed at home purchased mainly from supermarkets grew by only 20 percent.
Which of the following statements about the period from 1965 to 1988 in the United States is best supported by the statements above?
(A) Spending on food increased at restaurants and other food retailers that prepare food to be consumed away from home.
(B) Shoppers spent more on certain food products to be consumed at home that are not generally available in supermarkets.
(C) Food prices at supermarkets neither rose nor dropped relative to food prices at other food retailers.
(D) There was a decrease in the number of heads of households, who tend to spend more than other household members on food consumed away from home.
(E) The number of people who ate at restaurants decreased relative to the number of people who ordered take-out food from restaurants.
The answer should be A.
One more...
The recycling of municipal solid waste is widely seen as an environmentally preferable alternative to the prevailing practices of incineration and of dumping in landfills. Recycling is profitable, as the recycling programs already in operation demonstrate. A state legislator proposes that communities should therefore be required to adopt recycling and to reach the target of recycling 50 percent of all solid waste within 5 years.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls into question the advisability of implementing the proposal?
(A) Existing recycling programs have been voluntary, with citizen participation ranging from 30 percent in some communities to 80 percent in others.
(B) Existing recycling programs have been restricted to that 20 percent of solid waste that, when reprocessed, can match processed raw materials in quality and price.
(C) Existing recycling programs have had recurrent difficulties finding purchasers for their materials usually because of quantities too small to permit cost-effective pickup and transportation.
(D) Some of the materials that can be recycled are the very materials that, when incinerated, produce the least pollution.
(E) Many of the materials that cannot be recycled are also difficult to incinerate.
A recent survey found that more computers than copies of computer programs were purchased by Germans last year. The best interpretation of this finding is that the practice of illegally duplicating commercial computer programs is widespread among Germans.
Each of the following, if true, would counter some reasonable objection to the interpretation advanced above EXCEPT:
(A) Few German computer users write their own computer programs.
(B) There are few free noncommercial computer programs available in Germany.
(C) Some Germans purchase computers outside of Germany for use in Germany, and such purchases were counted in the survey.
(D) The typical German computer user has several commercially written computer programs on his or her computer.
(E) Many Germans legally make duplicates of commercial computer programs, but such duplicates were counted as purchased copies in the survey.
A couple from me...
1. Since it has become known that several of a banks top executives have been buying shares in their own bank, the banks depositors, who had been worried by rumors that the bank faced impending financial collapse, have been greatly relieved. They reason that since top executives evidently have faith in the banks financial soundness, those worrisome rumors must be false. They might well be overoptimistic, however since corporate executives have sometimes bought shares in their own company in a calculated attempt to dispel negative rumors about the companys health.
In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?
A. The first summarizes the evidence used in the reasoning called into question by the argument; the second states the counterevidence on which the argument relies.
B. The first summarizes the evidence used in the reasoning called into question by the argument; the second is an intermediate conclusion supported by the evidence.
C. The first is an intermediate conclusion that forms part of the reasoning called into question by the argument; the second is evidence that undermines the support for this intermediate conclusion.
D. The first is an intermediate conclusion that forms part of the reasoning called into question by the argument; the second is the main conclusion of the argument.
E. The first is an intermediate conclusion that forms part of the reasoning called into question by the argument; the second states a further conclusion supported by this intermediate conclusion.
2. In the past, most children who went sledding in the winter snow in Verland used wooden sleds with runners and steering bars. Ten years ago, smooth plastic sleds became popular; they go faster than wooden sleds but are harder to steer and slow. The concern that plastic sleds are more dangerous is clearly borne out by the fact that the number of children injured while sledding was much higher last winter than it was ten years ago.
Which of the following, if true in Verland, most seriously undermines the force of the evidence cited?
A. A few children still use traditional wooden sleds.
B. Very few children wear any kind of protective gear, such as helmets, while sledding.
C. Plastic sleds can be used in a much wider variety of snow conditions than wooden sleds can.
D. Most sledding injuries occur when a sled collides with a tree, a rock, or another sled.
E. Because the traditional wooden sled can carry more than one rider, an accident involving a wooden sled can result in several children being injured.
My picks -
1. C
Although I am not very sure, I chose this option as it says the intermediate conclusion. A is also close.
2. C
As plastic sled can be used for different varieites of snow, this sled is getting used more and hence more accident is caused not because its dangerous.
What are the OAs ?
From 1965 to 1988, spending on food in the United States climbed 46 percent. But over that same period, spending on food to be consumed at home purchased mainly from supermarkets grew by only 20 percent.
Which of the following statements about the period from 1965 to 1988 in the United States is best supported by the statements above?
(A) Spending on food increased at restaurants and other food retailers that prepare food to be consumed away from home.
(B) Shoppers spent more on certain food products to be consumed at home that are not generally available in supermarkets.
(C) Food prices at supermarkets neither rose nor dropped relative to food prices at other food retailers.
(D) There was a decrease in the number of heads of households, who tend to spend more than other household members on food consumed away from home.
(E) The number of people who ate at restaurants decreased relative to the number of people who ordered take-out food from restaurants.
I hink the answer should be A as other options either support the other argument or are neutral.
Whats the OA ?
One more...
The recycling of municipal solid waste is widely seen as an environmentally preferable alternative to the prevailing practices of incineration and of dumping in landfills. Recycling is profitable, as the recycling programs already in operation demonstrate. A state legislator proposes that communities should therefore be required to adopt recycling and to reach the target of recycling 50 percent of all solid waste within 5 years.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls into question the advisability of implementing the proposal?
(A) Existing recycling programs have been voluntary, with citizen participation ranging from 30 percent in some communities to 80 percent in others.
(B) Existing recycling programs have been restricted to that 20 percent of solid waste that, when reprocessed, can match processed raw materials in quality and price.
(C) Existing recycling programs have had recurrent difficulties finding purchasers for their materials usually because of quantities too small to permit cost-effective pickup and transportation.
(D) Some of the materials that can be recycled are the very materials that, when incinerated, produce the least pollution.
(E) Many of the materials that cannot be recycled are also difficult to incinerate.
Seems to be B as only 20% of solid waste is worth recycling. Also, all other options dont seem to weaken the legislator's proposal.
A recent survey found that more computers than copies of computer programs were purchased by Germans last year. The best interpretation of this finding is that the practice of illegally duplicating commercial computer programs is widespread among Germans.
Each of the following, if true, would counter some reasonable objection to the interpretation advanced above EXCEPT:
(A) Few German computer users write their own computer programs.
(B) There are few free noncommercial computer programs available in Germany.
(C) Some Germans purchase computers outside of Germany for use in Germany, and such purchases were counted in the survey.
(D) The typical German computer user has several commercially written computer programs on his or her computer.
(E) Many Germans legally make duplicates of commercial computer programs, but such duplicates were counted as purchased copies in the survey.
I think its C, it does not weaken the objection that Germans dont produce illegal copies of computer program.
Whats the OA buddy ?
A recent survey found that more computers than copies of computer programs were purchased by Germans last year. The best interpretation of this finding is that the practice of illegally duplicating commercial computer programs is widespread among Germans.
Each of the following, if true, would counter some reasonable objection to the interpretation advanced above EXCEPT:
(A) Few German computer users write their own computer programs.
(B) There are few free noncommercial computer programs available in Germany.
(C) Some Germans purchase computers outside of Germany for use in Germany, and such purchases were counted in the survey.
(D) The typical German computer user has several commercially written computer programs on his or her computer.
(E) Many Germans legally make duplicates of commercial computer programs, but such duplicates were counted as purchased copies in the survey.
my take E..
One more...
The recycling of municipal solid waste is widely seen as an environmentally preferable alternative to the prevailing practices of incineration and of dumping in landfills. Recycling is profitable, as the recycling programs already in operation demonstrate. A state legislator proposes that communities should therefore be required to adopt recycling and to reach the target of recycling 50 percent of all solid waste within 5 years.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls into question the advisability of implementing the proposal?
(A) Existing recycling programs have been voluntary, with citizen participation ranging from 30 percent in some communities to 80 percent in others.
(B) Existing recycling programs have been restricted to that 20 percent of solid waste that, when reprocessed, can match processed raw materials in quality and price.
(C) Existing recycling programs have had recurrent difficulties finding purchasers for their materials usually because of quantities too small to permit cost-effective pickup and transportation.
(D) Some of the materials that can be recycled are the very materials that, when incinerated, produce the least pollution.
(E) Many of the materials that cannot be recycled are also difficult to incinerate.
B should be the answer as that is only one that weakens the argument.
From 1965 to 1988, spending on food in the United States climbed 46 percent. But over that same period, spending on food to be consumed at home purchased mainly from supermarkets grew by only 20 percent.
Which of the following statements about the period from 1965 to 1988 in the United States is best supported by the statements above?
(A) Spending on food increased at restaurants and other food retailers that prepare food to be consumed away from home.
(B) Shoppers spent more on certain food products to be consumed at home that are not generally available in supermarkets.
(C) Food prices at supermarkets neither rose nor dropped relative to food prices at other food retailers.
(D) There was a decrease in the number of heads of households, who tend to spend more than other household members on food consumed away from home.
(E) The number of people who ate at restaurants decreased relative to the number of people who ordered take-out food from restaurants.
I feel B should be the Ans.
From 1965 to 1988, spending on food in the United States climbed 46 percent. But over that same period, spending on food to be consumed at home purchased mainly from supermarkets grew by only 20 percent.
OA is (A)
------------------------------
The recycling of municipal solid waste is widely seen as an environmentally preferable alternative to the prevailing practices of incineration and of dumping in landfills. Recycling is profitable, as the recycling programs already in operation demonstrate. A state legislator proposes that communities should therefore be required to adopt recycling and to reach the target of recycling 50 percent of all solid waste within 5 years.
OA is (B)
-----------------------------
A recent survey found that more computers than copies of computer programs were purchased by Germans last year. The best interpretation of this finding is that the practice of illegally duplicating commercial computer programs is widespread among Germans.
OA is (C)
------------------------------
One variety of partially biodegradable plastic beverage container is manufactured from small bits of plastic bound together by a degradable bonding agent such as cornstarch. Since only the bonding agent degrades, leaving the small bits of plastic, no less plastic refuse per container is produced when such containers are discarded than when comparable nonbiodegradable containers are discarded.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument above?
(A) Both partially biodegradable and nonbiodegradable plastic beverage containers can be crushed completely flat by refuse compactors.
(B) The partially biodegradable plastic beverage containers are made with moreplastic than comparable non-biodegradable ones in order to compensate for the weakening effect of the bonding agents.
(C) Many consumers are ecology-minded and prefer to buy a product sold in partially biodegradable plastic beverage containers rather than in nonbiodegradable containers, even if the price is higher.
(D) The manufacturing process for partially biodegradable plastic beverage containers results in less plastic waste than the manufacturing process for nonbiodegradable plastic beverage containers.
(E) Technological problems with recycling currently prevent the reuse as food or beverage containers of the plastic from either type of plastic beverage container.
First of all,tell me what this sentence means ?
Since only the bonding agent degrades, leaving the small bits of plastic, no less plastic refuse per container is produced when such containers are discarded than when comparable nonbiodegradable containers are discarded
this is very confusing sentence to me.
plastic refuse means a big plastic bag ...right ?
what the heck "....leaving the small bits of plastic, no less plastic refuse per container is produced when such containers are discarded than when comparable nonbiodegradable containers are discarded..." means ?
someone please explain the meaning in steps :(
BTW, OA is B
don't see the OA first ...try first and then hover mouse over there to see the OA ..OA is hidden there :)
I'll post the OE soon ...let the discussion roll ....advance congrats to those who made it at the first go :)
please answer my query ...thanks
My picks -
1. C
Although I am not very sure, I chose this option as it says the intermediate conclusion. A is also close.
2. C
As plastic sled can be used for different varieites of snow, this sled is getting used more and hence more accident is caused not because its dangerous.
What are the OAs ?
The OA's are E & B respectively
Dopa, I had also selected the same choice as you had.
Cant make head or tails of these questions !
Can somebody help ?
One variety of partially biodegradable plastic beverage container is manufactured from small bits of plastic bound together by a degradable bonding agent such as cornstarch. Since only the bonding agent degrades, leaving the small bits of plastic, no less plastic refuse per container is produced when such containers are discarded than when comparable nonbiodegradable containers are discarded.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument above?
(A) Both partially biodegradable and nonbiodegradable plastic beverage containers can be crushed completely flat by refuse compactors.
(B) The partially biodegradable plastic beverage containers are made with moreplastic than comparable non-biodegradable ones in order to compensate for the weakening effect of the bonding agents.
(C) Many consumers are ecology-minded and prefer to buy a product sold in partially biodegradable plastic beverage containers rather than in nonbiodegradable containers, even if the price is higher.
(D) The manufacturing process for partially biodegradable plastic beverage containers results in less plastic waste than the manufacturing process for nonbiodegradable plastic beverage containers.
(E) Technological problems with recycling currently prevent the reuse as food or beverage containers of the plastic from either type of plastic beverage container.
First of all,tell me what this sentence means ?
Since only the bonding agent degrades, leaving the small bits of plastic, no less plastic refuse per container is produced when such containers are discarded than when comparable nonbiodegradable containers are discarded
this is very confusing sentence to me.
The sentence means that the only difference of a biodegradable plastic container from a normal (non-biodegradable) is "only the bonding that holds the plastic pieces/sheet is bio-degradable. Not the plastic itself". It goes on to say that when these bio-d containers are thrashed, it contains as much plastic as bio-d containers.
plastic refuse means a big plastic bag ...right ?
No, plastic refuse means plastic waste (plastic that is wasted or thrown)
what the heck "....leaving the small bits of plastic, no less plastic refuse per container is produced when such containers are discarded than when comparable nonbiodegradable containers are discarded..." means ?
someone please explain the meaning in steps :(
BTW, OA is B
don't see the OA first ...try first and then hover mouse over there to see the OA ..OA is hidden there :)
I'll post the OE soon ...let the discussion roll ....advance congrats to those who made it at the first go :)
please answer my query ...thanks
The answer must be B.
If more plastic has to be used to account for the non-plastic bonding, it strengthens the argument that the so called "bio-d plastic containers" are not of any advantage.
See my responses to ur queries in bold !
The answer must be B.
If more plastic has to be used to account for the non-plastic bonding, it strengthens the argument that the so called "bio-d plastic containers" are not of any advantage.
See my responses to ur queries in bold !
thanks for the reply.
Let me summarize the whole story :
they are discussing two beverage container both are made of plastic ....one is biodegradable and another is non-biodegradable.
Now, biodegradable plastic means ....the plastic are bonded by cornstarch which is biodegradable....And non-biodegradable plastic means ,plastic is bonded by non-biodegradable substance but NOT the cornstarch .
Now if both the containers are thrown out then they both carry the same amount plastic ....but they just differe by bonding agent ....one has biodegradable and another has non -biodegradable agent ...
AM I RIGHT ?
IF Not , please rectify where i am wrong ?
And also , please see B has a keyword "weakening effect" ..whats that for ? whats the weakening effect here ?
thanks for the reply.
Let me summarize the whole story :
they are discussing two beverage container both are made of plastic ....one is biodegradable and another is non-biodegradable.
Now, biodegradable plastic means ....the plastic are bonded by cornstarch which is biodegradable....And non-biodegradable plastic means ,plastic is bonded by non-biodegradable substance but NOT the cornstarch .
Now if both the containers are thrown out then they both carry the same amount plastic ....but they just differe by bonding agent ....one has biodegradable and another has non -biodegradable agent ...
AM I RIGHT ?
IF Not , please rectify where i am wrong ?
And also , please see B has a keyword "weakening effect" ..whats that for ? whats the weakening effect here ?
I think you got the gist of the argument !
Cornstarch, bonding agent in bio-d cans, is said to bond the plastic with a lesser force than the traditional bonding agent(plastic). Hence it says "weakening effect". The bond of cornstarch is weaker than the traditional bonding. To compensate this "weakening effect" if more plastic is used in the rest of the can, bio-d cans become more dangerous than non-bio d cans.
Hope that I am clear !
I think you got the gist of the argument !
Cornstarch, bonding agent in bio-d cans, is said to bond the plastic with a lesser force than the traditional bonding agent(plastic). Hence it says "weakening effect". The bond of cornstarch is weaker than the traditional bonding. To compensate this "weakening effect" if more plastic is used in the rest of the can, bio-d cans become more dangerous than non-bio d cans.
Hope that I am clear !
beautiful explanation ....it was very much helpful....thanks
Business Consultant: Some corporations shun the use of executive titles because they fear that the use of titles indicating position in the corporation tends to inhibit communication up and down the corporate hierarchy. Since an executive who uses a title is treated with more respect by outsiders, however, use of a title can facilitate an executives dealings with external businesses. Clearly, corporations should adopt the compromise of encouraging their executives to use their corporate titles externally but not internally, since even if it is widely known that the corporations executives use titles outside their organization, this knowledge does not by itself inhibit communication within the corporation.
In the consultants reasoning, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
A. The first describes a strategy that has been adopted to avoid a certain problem; the second presents a drawback to that strategy.
B. The first describes a strategy that has been adopted to avoid a certain problem; the second is a consideration raised to call into question the effectiveness of that strategy as a means of achieving that goal.
C. The first describes a strategy that has been adopted to avoid a certain problem; the second is a consideration the consultant raises in questioning the significance of that problem.
D. The first is part of an explanation that the consultant offers for a certain
phenomenon; the second is that phenomenon.
E. The first describes a policy for which the consultant seeks to provide a
justification; the second is a consideration the consultant raises as part of that justification.
I cant get these kind of questions right. Worse, I cant concur with the answer after seeing the answer key :2gunfire:
Business Consultant: Some corporations shun the use of executive titles because they fear that the use of titles indicating position in the corporation tends to inhibit communication up and down the corporate hierarchy. Since an executive who uses a title is treated with more respect by outsiders, however, use of a title can facilitate an executive's dealings with external businesses. Clearly, corporations should adopt the compromise of encouraging their executives to use their corporate titles externally but not internally, since even if it is widely known that the corporation's executives use titles outside their organization, this knowledge does not by itself inhibit communication within the corporation.
In the consultant's reasoning, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
A. The first describes a strategy that has been adopted to avoid a certain problem; the second presents a drawback to that strategy.
B. The first describes a strategy that has been adopted to avoid a certain problem; the second is a consideration raised to call into question the effectiveness of that strategy as a means of achieving that goal.
C. The first describes a strategy that has been adopted to avoid a certain problem; the second is a consideration the consultant raises in questioning the significance of that problem.
D. The first is part of an explanation that the consultant offers for a certain
phenomenon; the second is that phenomenon.
E. The first describes a policy for which the consultant seeks to provide a
justification; the second is a consideration the consultant raises as part of that justification.
I cant get these kind of questions right. Worse, I cant concur with the answer after seeing the answer key :2gunfire:
between A and B...i would go with A..
It is clear that the first is a "strategy that has been adopted to avoid a certain problem". This is clear from reading the first line of the question itself. That leaves us with A, B and C. The second part of C is wrong because the consultant is not questioning the significance of the problem of executive titles hampering internal communication.
Now understand that the second bold part in the question highlights an advantage of the executive titles. So A and B make some sense. B says that the second boldface calls into question the effectiveness of the strategy of removing executive titles to tackle the internal communication problem, which is incorrect. (The consultant does not deny that it will solve the internal problem communication but he simply points out some other problem that the strategy will cause (external communication problem)). A simply says that the second boldface is a drawback of the strategy in first boldface. So I will go with A.
Just to be sure Lets confirm about D and E too.
D sounds somewhat enticing for the first part but the second boldface is not the phenomenon for which the first is a partial explanantion. In fact teh second boldface opposes the strategy in the first boldface. E is wrong in the first part itself because the consultant is not trying to justify the strategy of shunning executive titles, but instead he is suggesting the compromise mentioned in the last line of the question.