Please help me with these questions... I do not have the answers to these and i dont know how to go about solving critical reasoning questions of this type...
Below is given a passage followed by several possible inferences which can be drawn from the facts
stated in the passage. You have to examine each inference separately in the context of the passage and
decide upon its degree of truth or falsity.
Mark answer (1) if the inference is definitely true i.e. it properly follows from the statement of the
facts given.
Mark answer (2) if the inference is probably true though not definitely true in the light of the facts
given.
Mark answer (3) if the data are inadequate i.e. from the facts given you cannot say whether the
inference is likely to be true or false.
Mark answer (4) if the inference is probably false though not definitely false in the light of the facts
given and
Mark answer (5) if the inference is definitely false i.e. it cannot possibly be drawn from the facts
given or it contradicts the given facts.
A recent study of information technology industry in India reveals that 97 per cent of the employees are under 39, with female employees being younger than male counterparts. 66.9 per cent of them are under 25 compared to 38.5 percent of male employees. Further women employees are as suitable as male employees. In fact, many industries feel that there is no difference in the performance of male and female
employees.
The performance ratings of female employees are higher than that of male employees. Further, majority of women enjoy sense of safety and job satisfaction. Nearly 63 per cent women feel that work did not come in their other creative persuits and household responsibilities.
Q.53. Young male employees are not suitable for information technology industry in India.
Q.54. The information technology industry is one of the youngest industries in India.
Q.55. A few years ago women employees have started joining the information technology industry.
Q.56. Many women probably continue doing good work in information technology industry even after their marriage.
Q.57. No other industry offers such safety and job satisfaction to its women employees.
hey puys....can someone provide an explanation for the following
1) Political Advertisement:
Mayor Delmonts critics complain about the jobs that were lost in the city under Delmonts leadership. Yet the fact is that not only were more jobs created than were eliminated, but the average pay for these new jobs has been higher than the average pay for jobs citywide every year since Delmont took office. So there can be no question that throughout Delmonts tenure the average paycheck in this city has been getting steadily bigger.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument in the advertisement?
The average pay for jobs created in the city during the past three years was higher than the average pay for jobs created in the city earlier in Mayor Delmonts tenure.
Average pay in the city was at a ten-year low when Mayor Delmont took office.
Some of the jobs created in the city during Mayor Delmonts tenure have in the meantime been eliminated again.
The average pay for jobs eliminated in the city during Mayor Delmonts tenure has been roughly equal every year to the average pay for jobs citywide.
The average pay for jobs in the city is currently higher than it is for jobs in the suburbs surrounding the city.
2)Proposal: Carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere block the escape of heat into space. So emission of these greenhouse gases contributes to global warming. In order to reduce global warming, emission of greenhouse gases needs to be reduced. Therefore, the methane now emitted from open landfills should instead be burned to produce electricity.
Objection: The burning of methane generates carbon dioxide that is released into the atmosphere.
Which of the following, if true, most adequately counters the objection made to the proposal?
Every time a human being or other mammal exhales, there is some carbon dioxide released into the air.
The conversion of methane to electricity would occur at a considerable distance from the landfills.
The methane that is used to generate electricity would generally be used as a substitute for a fuel that does not produce any greenhouse gases when burned.
Methane in the atmosphere is more effective in blocking the escape of heat from the Earth than is carbon dioxide.
The amount of methane emitted from the landfills could be reduced if the materials whose decomposition produces methane were not discarded, but recycled.
The OA's are C and D resp..
geetsood Saysdude didnt get u..
Hey sorry, there is a spoiler function in beatthegmat.com. I jus thot this site also had the same.
hey puys....can someone provide an explanation for the following
1) Political Advertisement:
Mayor Delmonts critics complain about the jobs that were lost in the city under Delmonts leadership. Yet the fact is that not only were more jobs created than were eliminated, but the average pay for these new jobs has been higher than the average pay for jobs citywide every year since Delmont took office. So there can be no question that throughout Delmonts tenure the average paycheck in this city has been getting steadily bigger.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument in the advertisement?
The average pay for jobs created in the city during the past three years was higher than the average pay for jobs created in the city earlier in Mayor Delmonts tenure.
Average pay in the city was at a ten-year low when Mayor Delmont took office.
Some of the jobs created in the city during Mayor Delmonts tenure have in the meantime been eliminated again.
The average pay for jobs eliminated in the city during Mayor Delmonts tenure has been roughly equal every year to the average pay for jobs citywide.
The average pay for jobs in the city is currently higher than it is for jobs in the suburbs surrounding the city.
2)Proposal: Carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere block the escape of heat into space. So emission of these greenhouse gases contributes to global warming. In order to reduce global warming, emission of greenhouse gases needs to be reduced. Therefore, the methane now emitted from open landfills should instead be burned to produce electricity.
Objection: The burning of methane generates carbon dioxide that is released into the atmosphere.
Which of the following, if true, most adequately counters the objection made to the proposal?
Every time a human being or other mammal exhales, there is some carbon dioxide released into the air.
The conversion of methane to electricity would occur at a considerable distance from the landfills.
The methane that is used to generate electricity would generally be used as a substitute for a fuel that does not produce any greenhouse gases when burned.
Methane in the atmosphere is more effective in blocking the escape of heat from the Earth than is carbon dioxide.
The amount of methane emitted from the landfills could be reduced if the materials whose decomposition produces methane were not discarded, but recycled.
The OA's are C and D resp..
1.The question asked to support the opening statement.
a.Talks abt paycheck and not the jobs created
b.same as one
c. Supports by saying if the no of jobs created were eliminated.
d.same as one
e .same as one
2.The question asked to establish a relation between reduction of methane and reduction of green house effect.
a.talk abt co2 and not methane
b.so what?does not show any relation between emission of metane and green house
c.worse the situation
d.right.shows relation
e.choice could be right.but the question asks for burning of gas
Though I have seen this question n times but i always get it wrong...its OA is not accepted...can anyone reason this ......
The city's public transportation system should be removed from the jurisdiction of the municipal government, which finds it politically impossible either to raise fares or to institute cost-saving reductions in service. If public transportation were handled by a private firm, profits would be vigorously pursued, thereby eliminating the necessity for covering operating costs with government funds.
The statements above best support the conclusion that
1)the private firms that would handle public transportation would have experience in the transportation industry
2)political considerations would not prevent private firms from ensuring that revenues cover operating costs
3)private firms would receive government funding if it were needed to cover operating costs
4)the public would approve the cost-cutting actions taken by the private firm
5)the municipal government would not be resigned to accumulating merely enough income to cover costs
ur 2 cents on one more
While Governor Verdant has been in office, the state's budget has increased by an average of 6 percent each year. While the previous governor was in office, the state's budget increased by an average of 11.5 percent each year. Obviously, the austere budgets during Governor Verdant's term have caused the slowdown in the growth in state spending.
Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion drawn above?
1)The rate of inflation in the state averaged 10 percent each year during the previous governor's term in office and 3 percent each year during Verdant's term.
2)Both federal and state income tax rates have been lowered considerably during Verdant's term in office.
3)In each year of Verdant's term in office, the state's budget has shown some increase in spending over the previous year.
4)During Verdant's term in office, the state has either discontinued or begun to charge private citizens for numerous services that the state offered free to citizens during the previous governor's term.
5)During the previous governor's term in office, the state introduced several so-called "austerity" budgets intended to reduce the growth in state spending.
kindly elaboreate why or why not
Technological education is worsening. People between eighteen and twenty-four, who are just emerging from their formal education, are more likely to be technologically illiterate than somewhat older adults. And yet, issues for public referenda will increasingly involve aspects of technology.
Which of the following conclusions can be properly drawn from the statements above?
1)If all young people are to make informed decisions on public referenda, many of them must learn more about technology.
2)Thorough studies of technological issues and innovations should be made a required part of the public and private school curriculum.
3)It should be suggested that prospective voters attend applied science courses in order to acquire a minimal competency in technical matters.
4)If young people are not to be overly influenced by famous technocrats, they must increase their knowledge of pure science.
5)On public referenda issues, young people tend to confuse real or probable technologies with impossible ideals.
ur 2 cents on one more
While Governor Verdant has been in office, the state's budget has increased by an average of 6 percent each year. While the previous governor was in office, the state's budget increased by an average of 11.5 percent each year. Obviously, the austere budgets during Governor Verdant's term have caused the slowdown in the growth in state spending.
Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion drawn above?
1)The rate of inflation in the state averaged 10 percent each year during the previous governor's term in office and 3 percent each year during Verdant's term.
2)Both federal and state income tax rates have been lowered considerably during Verdant's term in office.
3)In each year of Verdant's term in office, the state's budget has shown some increase in spending over the previous year.
4)During Verdant's term in office, the state has either discontinued or begun to charge private citizens for numerous services that the state offered free to citizens during the previous governor's term.
5)During the previous governor's term in office, the state introduced several so-called "austerity" budgets intended to reduce the growth in state spending.
kindly elaboreate why or why not
I think answer is option 2, During Verdant's term taxes were reduced...it means he has less money for budget compared to the governer before him.
Hi,
which book should I follow, Princeton or Kaplan??
I think 3 is the correct choice
Option 3 states what was already stated in the passage, "the state's budget has increased by an average of 6 percent each year". So i thought option 2 is correct option.
Correct me if i am wrong.
Guys,
Try these:
1. Johnson is on firm ground when he asserts that the early editors of Dickinsons poetry often distorted her intentions. Yet Johnsons own, more faithful, text is still guilty of its own forms of distortion. To standardize Dickinsons often indecipherable handwritten punctuation by the use of the dash is to render permanent a casual mode of poetic phrasing that Dickinson surely never expected to see in print. It implies that Dickinson chose the dash as her typical mark of punctuation when, in fact, she apparently never made any definitive choice at all.
Which of the following best summarizes the authors main point?
(A) Although Johnson is right in criticizing Dickinsons early editors for their distortion of her work, his own text is guilty of equally serious distortions.
(B) Johnsons use of the dash in his text of Dickinsons poetry misleads readers about the poets intentions.
(C) Because Dickinson never expected her poetry to be published, virtually any attempt at editing it must run counter to her intentions.
(D) Although Johnsons attempt to produce a more faithful text of Dickinsons poetry is well-meaning, his study of the material lacks sufficient thoroughness.
(E) Dickinsons editors, including Johnson, have failed to deal adequately with the problem of deciphering Dickinsons handwritten manuscripts.
2. If A, then B.
If B, then C.
If C, then D.
If all of the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true?
(A) If D, then A.
(B) If not B, then not C.
(C) If not D, then not A.
(D) If D, then E.
(E) If not A, then not D.
3.As one who has always believed that truth is our nations surest weapon in the propaganda war against our foes, I am distressed by reports of disinformation campaigns by American intelligence agents in Western Europe. In a disinformation campaign, untruths are disseminated through gullible local journalists in order to damage the interests of our enemies and protect our own. Those who defend this practice say that lying is necessary to counter Soviet disinformation campaigns aimed at damaging Americas political interests. These apologists contend that one must fight fire with fire. I would point out to the apologists that the fire department finds water more effective.
10.The author of the passage above bases his conclusion on which of the following?
(A) A circular definition of disinformation
(B) An example of the ineffectiveness of lying as a weapon in the propaganda war
(C) An analogy between truth and water
(D) An appeal to the authority of the fire department
(E) An attack on the character of American intelligence agents in Western Europe
4. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument above?
(A) New resource deposits are constantly being discovered.
(B) The United States consumes one-third of all resources used in the world.
(C) Other countries need economic development more than the United States does.
(D) Other countries have agreed to hold their resource consumption at present levels.
(E) The United States has been conserving resources for several years.
5. Alba: I dont intend to vote for Senator Frank in the next election. She is not a strong supporter of the war against crime.
Tam: But Senator Frank sponsored the latest anticrime law passed by the Senate.
Alba: If Senator Frank sponsored it, it cant be a very strong anticrime law.
Which of the following identifies the most serious logical flaw in Albas reasoning?
(A) The facts she presents do not support her conclusion that Senator Frank is soft on crime.
(B) She assumes without proof that crime is the most important issue in the upcoming election.
(C) She argues in a circle, using an unsupported assertion to dismiss conflicting evidence.
(D) She attacks Senator Frank on personal grounds rather than on he merit as a political leader.
(E) In deciding not to vote for Senator Frank, she fails to consider issues other than crime.
6. At an enormous research cost, a leading chemical company has developed a manufacturing process for converting wood fibers into a plastic. According to the company, this new plastic can be used for, among other things, the hulls of small sailboats. But what does the company think sailboat hulls used to be made of? Surely the mania for high technology can scarcely go further than this.
18.The authors opinion of the manufacturing process described in the passage is based primarily on the fact that
(A) plastic is unlikely to be durable enough for high-quality sailboat hulls
(B) the research costs of developing the process outweigh any savings possible from the use of the plastic
(C) a small sailboat is not normally regarded as a high-tech product
(D) hulls for small sailboats can be made from wood without converting it into plastic
(E) many other spheres of human activity are in far greater need of technological research
Pls post explanations with your replies.
~Cheers
with explanation please
13CRITICAL REASONING
Continuous indoor fluorescent light benefits the health of hamsters with inherited heart disease. A group of them exposed to continuous fluorescent light survived twenty-five percent longer than a similar group exposed instead to equal periods of indoor fluorescent light and of darkness.
The method of the research described above is most likely to be applicable in addressing which of the following questions?
1)Can industrial workers who need to see their work do so better by sunlight or by fluorescent light?
2)Can hospital lighting be improved to promote the recovery of patients?
3)How do deep-sea fish survive in total darkness?
4)What are the inherited illnesses to which hamsters are subject?
5)Are there plants that require specific periods of darkness in order to bloom?
with explanation please
13CRITICAL REASONING
Continuous indoor fluorescent light benefits the health of hamsters with inherited heart disease. A group of them exposed to continuous fluorescent light survived twenty-five percent longer than a similar group exposed instead to equal periods of indoor fluorescent light and of darkness.
The method of the research described above is most likely to be applicable in addressing which of the following questions?
1)Can industrial workers who need to see their work do so better by sunlight or by fluorescent light?
2)Can hospital lighting be improved to promote the recovery of patients?
3)How do deep-sea fish survive in total darkness?
4)What are the inherited illnesses to which hamsters are subject?
5)Are there plants that require specific periods of darkness in order to bloom?
My $0.02
Ans 2
Option1 - passage doesnt talk about efficiency in working
Option3- Survival in darkness???
Option-4 - Close and tempting - but passage talks about what improves inherited illness
Option 5- Again out of scope.
Whats the OA and the source??
Cheers,
Atul
SUPERNUT SaysI think answer is option 2, During Verdant's term taxes were reduced...it means he has less money for budget compared to the governer before him.
conclusion drawn: During Gov. Vedant's term, state pending has been reduced because of 'astere budgets'
now to weaken this conclusion you need find a flaw in the argument. it could be done by proving that state spending has increased or it has not reduced during his tenure or there were other reasons for 'low average increase in spending during Vedant's tenure' as claimed in first argument.
1. Inflation has nothing to do with the state spending.
2. 'Tax rates are lowered' during Vedant's term in office supports the conclusion. Since taxes are lowered when state budget is low.
3. this clearly says that there was some degree of increase in budget each year. (but still doesn't counter the arguement that state spending was reduced)
4. this suggests that state has stopped spending or begun charging citizens for NUMEROUS services which earlier were offered free. Now citizens themselves are paying for the services that indirectly means state spending has actually not reduced but only burden is directed at citizens.
5. This again hints to support the conclusion.
So I would choose 4.
Can someone pls help me with following question?Well the passage states that since the world production has been running low , pepper is consequently in low supply. Since sales are greater than production (acc to the passage), the only way this demand was met was through the excess(surplus) stock that was available . Over the past 3 years the excess stock is getting depleted because of again sales being greater than production. Hence option D.
Partly because of bad weather, but also partly because some major pepper growers have switched to high-priced cocoa, world production of pepper has been running well below worldwide sales for three years. Pepper is consequently in relatively short supply. The price of pepper has soared in response: it now equals that of cocoa.
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
(A) Pepper is a profitable crop only if it is grown on a large scale.
(B) World consumption of pepper has been unusually high for three years.
(C) World production of pepper will return to previous levels once normal weather returns.
(D) Surplus stocks of pepper have been reduced in the past three years.
(E) The profits that the growers of pepper have made in the past three years have been unprecedented.
E cannot be the answer because the passage says that the price of pepper has soared but there is nothing to signify that the profits have been unprecedented. Because in these past 3 years the bad climate would have reduced the amount of pepper that actually got produced and hence nullifying the effect of high prices and thereby neutralizing the profits
Well the passage states that since the world production has been running low , pepper is consequently in low supply. Since sales are greater than production (acc to the passage), the only way this demand was met was through the excess(surplus) stock that was available . Over the past 3 years the excess stock is getting depleted because of again sales being greater than production. Hence option D.
E cannot be the answer because the passage says that the price of pepper has soared but there is nothing to signify that the profits have been unprecedented. Because in these past 3 years the bad climate would have reduced the amount of pepper that actually got produced and hence nullifying the effect of high prices and thereby neutralizing the profits
Bingo !! This is correct explanation.
hey, i need help with these
1)Every painting hanging in the Hoular Gallery is by a French painter. No painting in the Hoular Gallery is by a Vorticist. Only Vorticists use acrylic monochromes in their works.
If the information above is true, which of the following must also be true?
(A) No French painters are Vorticists.
(B) All Vorticists use acrylic monochromes in their works.
(C) Some French painters do not use acrylic monochromes in their works.
(D) No French painters use acrylic monochromes in their works.
(E) All French painters who use acrylics use acrylic monochromes in their works.
I went for option A, since no painting in the gallery is Vorticist, and all paintings are by french painters. But the OA is C! can someone explain
2)Gloria: Those who advocate tuition tax credits for parents whose children attend private schools maintain that people making no use of a government service should not be forced to pay for it. Yet those who choose to buy bottled water rather than drink water from the local supply are not therefore exempt from paying taxes to maintain the local water supply.
Roger: Your argument is illogical. Children are required by law to attend school. Since school attendance is a matter not of choice, but of legal requirement, it is unfair for the government to force some parents to pay for it twice.
Which of the following responses by Gloria would best refute Rogers charge that her argument is illogical?
(A) Although drinking water is not required by law, it is necessary for all people, and therefore my analogy is appropriate.
(B) Those who can afford the tuition at a high-priced private school can well bear the same tax burden as those whose children attend public schools.
(C) If tuition tax credits are granted, the tax burden on parents who choose public schools will rise to an intolerable level.
(D) The law does not say that parents must send their children to private schools, only that the children must attend some kind of school, whether public or private.
(E) Both bottled water and private schools are luxury items, and it is unfair that some citizens should be able to afford them while others cannot.
My $0.02
Ans 2
Option1 - passage doesnt talk about efficiency in working
Option3- Survival in darkness???
Option-4 - Close and tempting - but passage talks about what improves inherited illness
Option 5- Again out of scope.
Whats the OA and the source??
Cheers,
Atul
@Vipin,
Please post the OA ... I would suggest that you post OA along with the answers or else its of no use just posting the questions.
Thank you,
Atul M
hey, i need help with these
1)Every painting hanging in the Hoular Gallery is by a French painter. No painting in the Hoular Gallery is by a Vorticist. Only Vorticists use acrylic monochromes in their works.
If the information above is true, which of the following must also be true?
(A) No French painters are Vorticists.
(B) All Vorticists use acrylic monochromes in their works.
(C) Some French painters do not use acrylic monochromes in their works.
(D) No French painters use acrylic monochromes in their works.
(E) All French painters who use acrylics use acrylic monochromes in their works.
I went for option A, since no painting in the gallery is Vorticist, and all paintings are by french painters. But the OA is C! can someone explain
2)Gloria: Those who advocate tuition tax credits for parents whose children attend private schools maintain that people making no use of a government service should not be forced to pay for it. Yet those who choose to buy bottled water rather than drink water from the local supply are not therefore exempt from paying taxes to maintain the local water supply.
Roger: Your argument is illogical. Children are required by law to attend school. Since school attendance is a matter not of choice, but of legal requirement, it is unfair for the government to force some parents to pay for it twice.
Which of the following responses by Gloria would best refute Rogers charge that her argument is illogical?
(A) Although drinking water is not required by law, it is necessary for all people, and therefore my analogy is appropriate.
(B) Those who can afford the tuition at a high-priced private school can well bear the same tax burden as those whose children attend public schools.
(C) If tuition tax credits are granted, the tax burden on parents who choose public schools will rise to an intolerable level.
(D) The law does not say that parents must send their children to private schools, only that the children must attend some kind of school, whether public or private.
(E) Both bottled water and private schools are luxury items, and it is unfair that some citizens should be able to afford them while others cannot.
1).Every painting hanging in the Hoular Gallery is by a French painter-------Paintings in Houller gallery are french( Not all french paintings are in Houller).
No painting in the Hoular Gallery is by a Vorticist-------------( so based on Houler gallery data we cannot say that there is no french Vorticist)
Only Vorticists use acrylic monchromes-----------( doesnt mean Vorticist dont use other forms).
I couldn't right away choose C as answer but i could eliminated A,B,D,E based on above logic. Only with Option C i had no logical conclusion...so i went with C
2) Is Option D answer for this.