And why not C?
Historian: Newton developed mathematical concepts and techniques that are fundamental to modern calculus. Leibniz developed closely analogous concepts and techniques. It has traditionally been thought that these discoveries were independent. Researchers have, however, recently discovered notes of Leibniz' that discuss one of Newton's books on mathematics. Several scholars have argued that since the book includes a presentation of Newton's calculus concepts and techniques, and since the notes were written before Leibniz' own development of calculus concepts and techniques, it is virtually certain that the traditional view is false. A more cautious conclusion than this is called for, however. Leibniz' notes are limited to early sections of Newton's book, sections that precede the ones in which Newton's calculus concepts and techniques are presented.
In the historian's reasoning, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?
A. The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends; the second is evidence that has been used to support an opposing position.
B. The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends; the second is that position.
C. The first provides evidence in support of an intermediate conclusion that is drawn to provide support for the overall position that the historian defends; the second provides evidence against that intermediate conclusion.
D. The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian criticizes; the second is evidence offered in support of the historian's own position.
E. The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian criticizes; the second is further information that substantiates that evidence.
I would go for Option C . As bold portions go against each other. I would have gone for D, If the word criticizes was not used. I don't think author(historian) actually criticized. what you say PGs?
Padmalathas SaysOA is D! Could you explain ?
IMO D
Whats the OA. plz let me know if you want me to explain.
why not E ?
pls state the reason ...
there r 3 conclusions in the argument, all in sequence.
First is the prevailing one. 2nd is the one that researchers have recently come up with. and 3rd one what Author/Historian suggests.
if you read carefully, u will find that first boldface is an evidence for the 2nd conclusions. Based on this evidence researchers conclude that both scientists' work are not independent and traditional view is false.
Author does not agree to the second conclusion but rather comes up with his own on the basis of evidence in second boldface. "A more cautious conclusion than this is called for, however...." what follows this underquoted line is the evidence that author presents in 2nd boldface.
I have explained below C & E why they are not correct.
Padmalathas SaysAnd why not C?
Padmalathas SaysOA is D! Could you explain ?
Historian: Newton developed mathematical concepts and techniques that are fundamental to modern calculus. Leibniz developed closely analogous concepts and techniques. It has traditionally been thought that these discoveries were independent. Researchers have, however, recently discovered notes of Leibniz that discuss one of Newtons books on mathematics. Several scholars have argued that since the book includes a presentation of Newtons calculus concepts and techniques, and since the notes were written before Leibniz own development of calculus concepts and techniques, it is virtually certain that the traditional view is false. A more cautious conclusion than this is called for, however. Leibniz notes are limited to early sections of Newtons book, sections that precede the ones in which Newtons calculus concepts and techniques are presented.
In the historians reasoning, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?
A. The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends; the second is evidence that has been used to support an opposing position.
B. The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends; the second is that position.
C. The first provides evidence in support of an intermediate conclusion that is drawn to provide support for the overall position that the historian defends; the second provides evidence against that intermediate conclusion.
the first part of this option begins correctly but in the end it says that "intermediate conclusion that is drawn to provide support for the overall position that the historian defends". This is wrong. Author's conclusion is in fact against the intermediate conclusion.
D. The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian criticizes; the second is evidence offered in support of the historians own position.
E. The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian criticizes; the second is further information that substantiates that evidence.
First part of this option is correct. Second part is wrong. The purpose of second boldface is not to substantiate the evidence cited in first boldface, but rather it is an evidence that author uses to draw his own conclusion.
IMO D
Whats the OA. plz let me know if you want me to explain.
Historian: Newton developed mathematical concepts and techniques that are fundamental to modern calculus. Leibniz developed closely analogous concepts and techniques. It has traditionally been thought that these discoveries were independent. Researchers have, however, recently discovered notes of Leibniz' that discuss one of Newton's books on mathematics. Several scholars have argued that since the book includes a presentation of Newton's calculus concepts and techniques, and since the notes were written before Leibniz' own development of calculus concepts and techniques, it is virtually certain that the traditional view is false. A more cautious conclusion than this is called for, however. Leibniz' notes are limited to early sections of Newton's book, sections that precede the ones in which Newton's calculus concepts and techniques are presented.
In the historian's reasoning, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?
A. The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends; the second is evidence that has been used to support an opposing position.
B. The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends; the second is that position.
C. The first provides evidence in support of an intermediate conclusion that is drawn to provide support for the overall position that the historian defends; the second provides evidence against that intermediate conclusion.
D. The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian criticizes; the second is evidence offered in support of the historian's own position.
E. The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian criticizes; the second is further information that substantiates that evidence.
IMO - D
A & B - 1st statement is wrongly connected
C - both are different claims and opposing the previous notion, not each other
E - both are different claims
Historian: Newton developed mathematical concepts and techniques that are fundamental to modern calculus. Leibniz developed closely analogous concepts and techniques. It has traditionally been thought that these discoveries were independent. Researchers have, however, recently discovered notes of Leibniz that discuss one of Newtons books on mathematics. Several scholars have argued that since the book includes a presentation of Newtons calculus concepts and techniques, and since the notes were written before Leibniz own development of calculus concepts and techniques, it is virtually certain that the traditional view is false. A more cautious conclusion than this is called for, however. Leibniz notes are limited to early sections of Newtons book, sections that precede the ones in which Newtons calculus concepts and techniques are presented.
In the historians reasoning, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?
A. The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends; the second is evidence that has been used to support an opposing position.
B. The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends; the second is that position.
C. The first provides evidence in support of an intermediate conclusion that is drawn to provide support for the overall position that the historian defends; the second provides evidence against that intermediate conclusion.
D. The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian criticizes; the second is evidence offered in support of the historians own position.
E. The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian criticizes; the second is further information that substantiates that evidence.
I would like to give simple explamation for this CR:
The first sentence is against the traditional thought(over all position). So options A B and C gone as they say "The first provides evidence in support of the overall position ".
Now in D and E, first part of the options are same but E says that "the second is further information that .." but actually the 2nd is not a further info rather a contradictiry info.
So D is the correct answer.
Got this question right, but I want to be sure about the reasons for eliminating one of the options.
So here goes
Lately many people in a certain post-communist country have decided to emigrate for economic reasons. The people who want to leave the country in search of a job or a better life are those who have no money, or who know many foreign languages. Of the following people, who is LEAST likely to emigrate ?
A. A person who knows 2 foreign languages, but doesnt have any money
B. A person who knows 2 foreign languages, but is afraid to travel
C. A person who has no money ot travel and knows a second language at an elementary level
D. A person who knows no foreign languages and has a suitable quantity of money
E. A person who has money to leave the country, but is happy about his/her present situation
Cheers !!
I would have marked option D..lemme know the OA plz.. ;)
The people who want to leave the country in search of a job or a better life are those;
1. who have no money, or
2. who know many foreign languages.
so either one or more conditions must be satisfied.. in option D none is satisfied.. hence the answer must be option D
Got this question right, but I want to be sure about the reasons for eliminating one of the options.
So here goes
Lately many people in a certain post-communist country have decided to emigrate for economic reasons. The people who want to leave the country in search of a job or a better life are those who have no money, or who know many foreign languages. Of the following people, who is LEAST likely to emigrate ?
A. A person who knows 2 foreign languages, but doesnt have any money
Fit to emigrate (knows 2 foreign languages + no money)
B. A person who knows 2 foreign languages, but is afraid to travel
Fit to emigrate (knows 2 foreign languages)
C. A person who has no money ot travel and knows a second language at an elementary level
close.. but a little too out of context..
D. A person who knows no foreign languages and has a suitable quantity of money
not fit to emigrate at all.. (doenst know multiple foreign languages and also HAS money)
E. A person who has money to leave the country, but is happy about his/her present situation
confusing & tempting - but again out of context
Cheers !!
would go with D .
The reasoning of varun is good.
E.
Since the existence of D is wholly dependent on A, therefore if A itself does not exist then how can D exist???
Am I right??
D.
Since, the prices can rise only if the supply is shortened (in case of constant demand). And that would not have been possible if the surplus stocks were maintained. SO...
D.
Since, the prices can rise only if the supply is shortened (in case of constant demand). And that would not have been possible if the surplus stocks were maintained. SO...
Hey Katya.. plz try 2 quote d reference so dat everyone gets d clear idea of which qs you are referring to..
Thanks
Will do so.
I will go with option D for the below CR
Lately many people in a certain post-communist country have decided to emigrate for economic reasons. The people who w...........
Got this question right, but I want to be sure about the reasons for eliminating one of the options.
So here goes
Lately many people in a certain post-communist country have decided to emigrate for economic reasons. The people who want to leave the country in search of a job or a better life are those who have no money, or who know many foreign languages. Of the following people, who is LEAST likely to emigrate ?
A. A person who knows 2 foreign languages, but doesnt have any money
B. A person who knows 2 foreign languages, but is afraid to travel
C. A person who has no money ot travel and knows a second language at an elementary level
D. A person who knows no foreign languages and has a suitable quantity of money
E. A person who has money to leave the country, but is happy about his/her present situation
Cheers !!
Let us denote the statement 'people having no money' by p. And the statement 'people having knowledge of many foreign languages' by q. Also the statement 'people who want to emigrate' by r.
Logical deduction from the statements give : if p or q, then r.
The negation of which is : if not r, then neither p nor q.
Getting this back to sentence form, we have 'if people dont want to emigrate or are least likely to emigrate are those with knowledge of no foreign language and those who have enough money'.
Hence D.
i love this thread........something that i had been searching for a long time...
Here are some i cudnt ger right. Puys! plz try 2 explain ur answers coz only ans are not gonna help.. I have the answers already...
OAs later..
(1) Extinction is a process that can depend on a variety of ecological, geographical, and physiological variables. These variables affect different species of organisms in different ways, and should, therefore, yield a random pattern of extinctions. However, the fossil record shows that extinction occurs in a surprisingly definite pattern, with many species vanishing at the same time.
Which of the following, if true, forms the best basis for at least a partial explanation of the patterned extinctions revealed by the fossil record?
(A) Major episodes of extinction can result from widespread environmental disturbances that affect numerous different species.
(B) Certain extinction episodes selectively affect organisms with particular sets of characteristics unique to their species.
(C) Some species become extinct because of accumulated gradual changes in their local environments.
(D) In geologically recent times, for which there is no fossil record, human intervention has changed the pattern of extinctions.
(E) Species that are widely dispersed are the least likely to become extinct.
(2). Neither a rising standard of living nor balanced trade, by itself, establishes a countrys ability to compete in the international marketplace. Both are required simultaneously since standards of living can rise because of growing trade deficits and trade can be balanced by means of a decline in a countrys standard of living.
If the facts stated in the passage above are true, a proper test of a countrys ability to be competitive is its ability to
(A) balance its trade while its standard of living rises
(B) balance its trade while its standard of living falls
(C) increase trade deficits while its standard of living rises
(D) decrease trade deficits while its standard of living falls
(E) keep its standard of living constant while trade deficits rise
(3) Which of the following best completes the passage below?
At a recent conference on environmental threats to the North Sea, most participating countries favored uniform controls on the quality of effluents, whether or not specific environmental damage could be attributed to a particular source of effluent. What must, of course, be shown, in order to avoid excessively restrictive controls, is that______
(A) any uniform controls that are adopted are likely to be implemented without delay
(B) any substance to be made subject to controls can actually cause environmental damage
(C) the countries favoring uniform controls are those generating the largest quantities of effluents
(D) all of any given pollutant that is to be controlled actually reaches the North Sea at present
(E) environmental damage already inflicted on the North Sea is reversible
(4) One analyst predicts that Hong Kong can retain its capitalist ways after it becomes part of mainland China in 1997 as long as a capitalist Hong Kong is useful to China; that a capitalist Hong Kong will be useful to China as long as Hong Kong is prosperous; and that Hong Kong will remain prosperous as long as it retains its capitalist ways.
If the predictions above are correct, which of the following further predictions can logically be derived from them?
(A) If Hong Kong fails to stay prosperous, it will no longer remain part of mainland China.
(B) If Hong Kong retains its capitalist ways until 1997, it will be allowed to do so afterward.
(C) If there is a world economic crisis after 1997, it will not adversely affect the economy of Hong Kong.
(D) Hong Kong will be prosperous after 1997.
(E) The citizens of Hong Kong will have no restrictions placed on them by the government of mainland China.
Here are some i cudnt ger right. Puys! plz try 2 explain ur answers coz only ans are not gonna help.. I have the answers already...
(1) Extinction is a process that can depend on a variety of ecological, geographical, and physiological variables. These variables affect different species of organisms in different ways, and should, therefore, yield a random pattern of extinctions. However, the fossil record shows that extinction occurs in a surprisingly definite pattern, with many species vanishing at the same time.
Which of the following, if true, forms the best basis for at least a partial explanation of the patterned extinctions revealed by the fossil record?
(A) Major episodes of extinction can result from widespread environmental disturbances that affect numerous different species.
(B) Certain extinction episodes selectively affect organisms with particular sets of characteristics unique to their species.
(C) Some species become extinct because of accumulated gradual changes in their local environments.
(D) In geologically recent times, for which there is no fossil record, human intervention has changed the pattern of extinctions.
(E) Species that are widely dispersed are the least likely to become extinct.
Extinction depends on variables. Variables effect diff species differently. So extinction should be random. But Still, there is a pattern.
A - Env Disturbance can foil the effect of these variables. As it is uniform to all species. Catastrophe is equal to everyone. So extinction pattern is explained best here.
B - Certain episodes - Subset is not good for a generalized phenom
C - Some species - Same reason as B
D - Recent times- Not enuf data, also no mention of human intervention. Out of scope.
E- Irrelevant to the argument here.
(2). Neither a rising standard of living nor balanced trade, by itself, establishes a countrys ability to compete in the international marketplace. Both are required simultaneously since standards of living can rise because of growing trade deficits and trade can be balanced by means of a decline in a countrys standard of living.
If the facts stated in the passage above are true, a proper test of a countrys ability to be competitive is its ability to
(A) balance its trade while its standard of living rises
(B) balance its trade while its standard of living falls
(C) increase trade deficits while its standard of living rises
(D) decrease trade deficits while its standard of living falls
(E) keep its standard of living constant while trade deficits rise
This one does not need any analysis. Remember, GMAT does not want to get into controversies by denying usual trends or facts. With out even looking at the choices, we can say: Country will prosper if there is less trade deficit or better balance, and have progressively increase in standard of living.
Out of all the choices, A is suited the best to reflect this. The other choices negate atleast one of these two factors.
(3) Which of the following best completes the passage below?
At a recent conference on environmental threats to the North Sea, most participating countries favored uniform controls on the quality of effluents, whether or not specific environmental damage could be attributed to a particular source of effluent. What must, of course, be shown, in order to avoid excessively restrictive controls, is that______
(A) any uniform controls that are adopted are likely to be implemented without delay
(B) any substance to be made subject to controls can actually cause environmental damage
(C) the countries favoring uniform controls are those generating the largest quantities of effluents
(D) all of any given pollutant that is to be controlled actually reaches the North Sea at present
(E) environmental damage already inflicted on the North Sea is reversible
Countries favor quality check and tests. To avoid the feeling that the restrictions are excessive, one must defend that if these restrictions are not in place then there will be Damage.
A - Out of Scope. No bearing on the restrictions.
B - If substances are dangerous, then having restrictions makes sense.
C - They might be generating more effs...but are they dangerous? if not then no need of restrictions right?
D - Extreme choice.
E - Even if Damage is reversible, it will help us save earth, but has no bearing on the restrictions as such.
(4) One analyst predicts that Hong Kong can retain its capitalist ways after it becomes part of mainland China in 1997 as long as a capitalist Hong Kong is useful to China; that a capitalist Hong Kong will be useful to China as long as Hong Kong is prosperous; and that Hong Kong will remain prosperous as long as it retains its capitalist ways.
If the predictions above are correct, which of the following further predictions can logically be derived from them?
(A) If Hong Kong fails to stay prosperous, it will no longer remain part of mainland China.
(B) If Hong Kong retains its capitalist ways until 1997, it will be allowed to do so afterward.
(C) If there is a world economic crisis after 1997, it will not adversely affect the economy of Hong Kong.
(D) Hong Kong will be prosperous after 1997.
(E) The citizens of Hong Kong will have no restrictions placed on them by the government of mainland China.
I am a little scratchy on this one.
HK is useful - it can remain capitalist
HK can be useful - only if it is prosperous
HK can be rich - only if it is captalist
If HK remains Cap, it will prosper, and china will be happy, and will leave HK alone to be what it is.
A- extreme
B-makes sense
C-World economy is out of scope here.
D-This one is also true, but, it sounds a little too much of a stretch to take it for granted for infinite amount of time...
E - Irrelevant.
My answers:
A, A, B, B
Whew !!
My explanations in Red.
IMO B
If the current minimum wage was the only factor to increase teenage unemployment, as the argument states, the unemployment rate wouldnt have increased while min wage remained constant. There may be other factors such as :
1. Increase in teenage population
2. Decrease in jobs etc
Plz share the OA.
I'll go with B here but E also seems to be a contender. But I think as D mentions "ocasionally" hence it not the correct ans.
Please post the OA !!!!
=================================
The average hourly wage of television assemblers in Vernland has long been significantly
lower than that in neighboring Borodia. Since Borodia dropped all tariffs on Vernlandian
televisions three years ago, the number of televisions sold annually in Borodia has not
changed. However, recent statistics show a droip in the number of television assemblers
in Borodia. Therefore, updated trade statistics will probably indicate that the number of
televisions Borodia imports annually from Vernland has increased.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. The number of television assemblers in Vernland has increased by at least as
much as the number of television assemblers in Borodia has decreased.
B. Televisions assembled in Vernland have features that televisions assembled in
Borodia do not have.
C. The average number of hours it takes a Borodian television assembler to assemble
a television has not decreased significantly during the past three years.
D. The number of televisions assembled annually in Vernland has increased
significantly during the past three years.
E. The difference between the hourly wage of television assemblers in Vernland and
the hourly wage of television assemblers in Borodia is likely to decrease in the
next few years.
====================================
The best practise for these kind of CR (as per me of course ;)) is to cancel out the wrong options.
A - can't say with surety - can be negated - X
B - irrelevant - X
C - can be
D - can be
E - no relation with wage - X
Left with C & D. Now you have to analyze. If you use simple logic, you will see that in D it talks about increase in televisions assembled in Vernland. But it can be possible that demand might have increased there, thus nullifying the increase in assembling.
Cheers!!!
IMO the best ans is D but C is also an equal contender for the correct ans. Can you please post the OA and the explanation too.
