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Citizenship Amendment Bill 2019 Highlights
The Citizenship Amendment Bill 2019 (CAB) is a bill with an amendment in the Citizenship Act of 1955, which proposed that any person belonging to Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi or Christian community from Afghanistan, Bangladesh or Pakistan, who entered into India on or before the 31st day of December, 2014 and who has been exempted by the Central Government by or under clause (c) of sub-section (2) of section 3 of the Passport (Entry into India) Act, shall not be treated as illegal migrant for the purposes of this Act. It also seeks to relax the requirement of residence in India for citizenship by naturalisation from 11 years to 5 years for these migrants.The Union Cabinet cleared this Bill on 4 December 2019. It was passed by the Lok Sabha on 10 December 2019 and, subsequently, in the Rajya Sabha on 11 December 2019. It came into effect on 12 December 2019 there by becoming a law.
- Under the Act, one of the requirements for citizenship by naturalization is that the applicant must have resided in India during the last 12 months, and for 11 of the previous 14 years. The Bill relaxes this 11-year requirement to five years for persons belonging to the same six religions and three countries.
- The bill exempts the tribal areas of Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Tripura, included in the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution from its applicability. These tribal areas include Karbi Anglong in Assam, Garo Hills in Meghalaya, Chakma district in Mizoram, and Tribal Areas district in Tripura.
- The Bill further seeks to protect the constitutional guarantee given to indigenous populations of North Eastern States covered under the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution and the statutory protection given to areas covered under “The Inner Line” system of the Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation, 1873.
- The Bill further seeks to grant immunity to the migrant of the aforesaid Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi and Christian communities so that any proceedings against them regarding in respect of their status of migration or citizenship does not bar them from applying for Indian citizenship.
- The Bill includes new provisions for cancellation the registration of Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) such as registration through fraud, in case of OCI holder sentenced to imprisonment for two or more years within five years of registration and in necessity in the interest of sovereignty and security of India. It also includes a provision on violation of any law notified by the central government. It also adds the opportunity for the OCI holder to be heard before the cancellation.
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Key Takeaways Of Trump Visit:
If we remind each word said by Trump during a press conference we can conclude that Yes, India is benefited by Trump’s visit. Trump conveys his message through the conference on how to make ties and increase the Indo-US relationship in an efficient manner.
- India and the United States sign a 3 billion great deal for military choppers.
- India is going to be a major player in the next 50 to 100 years; India is going to have a phenomenal future: Trump
- India is probably the highest tariff nation in the world, says Trump
- “If the trade deal happens with India, it will be towards the end of the year,” says Trump
- “Discussed Pakistan with PM Modi; I have a good equation with Pakistan PM Imran Khan, they are working to control cross-border terrorism,” says Trump
- Trump says he talked about religious freedom with Modi, who said he wants people to have religious freedom. “We did talk about religious freedom. Prime Minister Modi wants people to have religious freedom in India…If you look back India has worked hard for religious freedom,” Trump said.
- “I didn’t discuss with PM Modi, it is up to India,” says Trump on violent incidents in New Delhi during his visit and also on the CAA act.
- “I don’t think anyone has done more than I did,” says Trump on containing radical Islamic terrorism
- “At this moment, India doesn’t have much of a problem with coronavirus,” says Trump.
Now, we just have to observe that will India implements and execute all the deals accurately and commit to openness and fair and balanced trade and bilateral trade between Indo-Us has seen growth. I hope the Indo-Us relationship will surely benefit India.
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Preparation Stratergy by SEBI GRADE A Officer Mr. Praveen (AIR 21)
IMPORTANT TOPIC FOR SEBI GR A 2020 EXAM COMMERCE & ACCOUNTS
RATIO ANALYSIS
Ratio Analysis and its Applications
Ratio analysis is a medium to understand the financial weakness and soundness of an organization. Keeping in mind the objective of analysis, the analyst has to select appropriate data to calculate appropriate ratios. Interpretation depends upon the caliber of the analyst.
Ratio analysis is useful in many ways to different concerned parties according to their respective requirements. Ratio analysis can be used in the following ways:
To know the financial strength and weakness of an organization.
To measure operative efficiency of a concern.
For the management to review past year’s activity.
To assess level of efficiency.
To predict the future plans of a business.
To optimize capital structure.
In inter and intra company comparisons.
To measure liquidity, solvency, profitability and managerial efficiency of a concern.
In proper utilization of assets of a company.
In budget preparation.
In assessing solvency of a firm, bankruptcy position of a firm, and chances of corporate sickness.
Advantages of Ratio Analysis
· It is powerful tool to measure short and long-term solvency of a company.
· It is a tool to measure profitability and managerial efficiency of a company.
· It is an important tool to measure operating activities of a business.
· It helps in analyzing the capital structure of a company.
· Large quantitative data may be summarized using ratio analysis.
· It relates past accounting performances with the current.
· It is useful in coordinating the different functional machineries of a company.
· It helps the management in future decision-making.
· It helps in maintaining a reasonable balance between sales and purchase and estimating working capital requirements.
Limitations of Ratio Analysis
Although Ratio Analysis is a very useful accounting tools to analyze and interpret different accounting equations, it comes with its own set of limitations:
· If the data received from financial accounting is incorrect, then the information derived from ratio analysis could not be reliable.
· Unauthenticated data may lead to misinterpretation of ratio analysis.
· Future prediction may not be always dependable, as ratio analysis is based on the past performance.
· To get a conclusive idea about the business, a series of ratios is to be calculated. A single ratio cannot serve the purpose.
· It is not necessary that a ratio can give the real present situation of a business, as the result is based on historical data.
· Trend analysis is done with the help of various calculated ratios that can be distorted due to the changes in the price level.
· Ratio analysis is effective only where same accounting principles and policies are adopted by other concerns too, otherwise inter-company comparison will not exhibit a real picture at all.
· Through ratio analysis, special events cannot be identified. For example, maturity of debentures cannot be identified with ratio analysis.
· For effective ratio analysis, practical experience and knowledge about particular industry is essential. Otherwise, it may prove worthless.
· Ratio analysis is a useful tool only in the hands of an expert.
Types of Ratio
Ratios can be classified on the basis of financial statements or on the basis of functional aspects.
Classification on the Basis of Financial Statement
Balance Sheet Ratios
Ratios calculated from taking various data from the balance sheet are called balance sheet ratio. For example, current ratio, liquid ratio, capital gearing ratio, debt equity ratio, and proprietary ratio, etc.
Revenue Statement Ratio
Ratios calculated on the basis of data appearing in the trading account or the profit and loss account are called revenue statement ratios. For example, operating ratio, net profit ratio, gross profit ratio, stock turnover ratio.
Mixed or Composite Ratio
When the data from both balance sheet and revenue statements are used, it is called mixed or composite ratio. For example, working capital turnover ratio, inventory turnover ratio, accounts payable turnover ratio, fixed assets turnover ratio, return of net worth ratio, return on investment ratio.
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SEBI GRADE A 2020 Costing: Lean System and Just in Time #SEBIGRADEA Sample study material https://youtu.be/pYbvho3y_0o https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qg9m8-QbLgcDSuB9emZGzI45bOVjgH-_/view?usp=drivesdk
MANAGEMENT: Corporate Governance as Risk Mitigation:
Corporate governance is of vital importance to a company and is almost as important as its primary business plan. When executed successfully, it can prevent corporate scandals, fraud and the civil and criminal liability of the company. It also improves a company’s status in the public opinion as a self-policing company that is responsible and worthy of shareholder and debt holder capital. It commands the shared philosophy, practices and culture of an organization and its employees. Firm without a system of corporate governance is often regarded as a body without a soul or conscience. Corporate governance enables a company honest and free from trouble. If this shared attitude breaks down, then corners will be cut, products will be defective and management will grow complacent and corrupt. The end result is a fall that will occur when gravity in the form of audited financial reports, criminal investigations and federal probes finally catches up, destroying the company instantaneously. Deceitful and unethical dealings can cause shareholders to escape out of fear, distrust and disgust.Plethora of research has revealed that good corporate governance can result in improved share price performance. It is well established in management reports that there is a great potential for good performance by companies, which have got good corporate governance mechanism and the greatest benefit is in developing companies. Studies have showed that investors are enthusiastic to invest in a better-governed company. Corporate Governance can be strong mechanism for development especially in country like India.
The following issues are important for good Corporate Governance.
1.The rights and obligation of shareholders.
2.Impartial treatment of all stakeholders.
3.The role of all stakeholders clearly defined and the linkage for corporate governance established.
4.Transparency, disclosure of information and audit.
5.The role of board of directors clearly defined.
6.The role of non-executive members of the board clearly defined.
7.Executive management and compensation and performance clearly defined.
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Recruitment in Government and Public Sector :
Dear Aspirants
Hope you’re all doing well. It’s a difficult time for everyone, especially for people who are waiting for employment opportunities this year. Now there’s a lot of conjecture regarding the availability of public sector jobs post this pandemic and naturally this uncertainty is weighing down on us heavily.
Also, many rumours are floating around RBI GRADE B 2020 as well.
Before we go any further, let us look at how India fared in terms of recruitment during the global financial crisis.
Year 2008:
UPSC 791 VACANCIES
SBI PO 3500 VACANCIES
SSC CGL more than 5000 vacancies
RBI GRADE B Recruitment trends:
2007 62 VACANCIES
2008 75 VACANCIES
2009 79 vacancies
Recently, IMF has also published a report stating that the Indian economy will grow at 1.9%, better than most of the world economies.
And you must also be aware of the steps taken by the Indian govt to remove the hindrances ailing the economy. Further policy actions are anticipated.
You can also see the trends and anaylse that recruitment was not halted during One of the Worst Financial crisis.
There may be a little delay in recruitment exams but exams definitely will be conducted.
Why these numbers matter?
Because it gives us a rough idea of how we fared in one of the worst financial crisis this country has ever seen.
Why should this give you hope?
Because without facts anyone’s opinion can easily be considered as misinformation.
Why should you continue studying?
Because everyone else took this opportunity to study harder at home while you were pondering on things beyond your control.
Don't believe in any rumours and keep Studying.
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