RC Discussion for CAT 2013

RC of the Day 21/03/2013
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@saurav205 said:
RC of the Day..BCDDLeft the rest....too big a passage to be read on my phone...@miseera Bhai paragraphs ka pata bhi nai chal raha hai.....See if you can do something about the formatting before you post the RCs...agar possible hai toh thoda format kar diya karo...Its important to know where the para ends and where a new para starts...this passage seemed like on of those endless articles....
Sorry Copy paste me Gadbad ho jati h I'll take care of it
@miseera Bhai aaj ka rc of the day???
@saurav205 said:
@miseera Bhai aaj ka rc of the day???
Bhai dalta hu
RC of the Day 22/03/2013

*As Asia faces the global economy of the future, it is necessary to take stock of the once arcane issue of
intellectual property. The ability to manufacture cheaply computer software, music, movies, and textbooks
that are of the same quality as the original has resulted in a threat posed by intellectual property consumers
to intellectual property owners. While the philosophically oriented may see the digital age as an opportunity
to rethink authorship, creativity, and private property, others view it as an era of massive theft. When the
ease of reproduction is combined with the networked world of the Internet, the laws of copyright created in
the eighteenth century seem ready to topple. In response, expansive new laws are passed in an effort to
maintain control of information even as that control becomes impossible.

*Industries that rely upon intellectual property laws perceive piracy as a threat and the Internet as a tool for
wrongdoing rather than as a more efficient mode of communication. Copyright violations around the globe
have led to a huge multi-pronged anti-piracy effort with intellectual property interests successfully lobbying
governments to change laws to enhance protection, and to shut down troublesome Internet sites. These
industries have developed educational campaigns to define piracy as a moral issue.

*The development of the Internet, along with other information and communication technologies in Asia had
tremendous significance for several reasons. First, as “information” has become the key ingredient to
participation in the information society, governments have invested heavily in these technologies in order to
bring about economic development and participate more fully in the new global economy. Second, the
availability of information on the Internet means that unlike traditional property, information is not exclusive
and can exist in multiple forms and locations, without diminishing the ability of the original owner to use it.
Finally, the Internet enables rapid and inexpensive duplication of information, allowing an enlarged sphere
of participation in economic political and cultural life.
*The idea of copyright originates in English law during the eighteenth century and finds its modern day
advocate in the United States. At the international level, the US has been the primary actor in lobbying for
intellectual property protection through the trade negotiations leading up to the creation of the WTO and
the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement (TRIPs) As negotiations surrounding
the passage of TRIPs indicate, the debate breaks down into a contest between developed, intellectual
property producing nations and newly industrializing countries (NICs). It is of course also important to
recognize that piracy remains rampant in the US and many developing nations have growing intellectual
property-related industries seeking stronger protection. These complexities make the “problem” of piracy
even more difficult to address because the issue seems to be a political one. By political, I am suggesting
that property rights and piracy are political boundaries placed upon the debate over property protection. By
evaluating the context within which claims of piracy are made, we are better able to understand how to
address the issue.
*One important transition point lies in the fact that when the United States economy shifted to one reliant on
knowledge based innovation, rather the manufacturing and industrial strength, piracy became a major
concern. The shift to an intellectual property-based economy occurred at the same time as the US was
experiencing record trade deficits, a condition that remains in place today. These changes in the global
economy threatened US economic stability.

*Since 1945, intellectual property-related US exports more than doubled, with current profits from licensing
reaching over US$8 billion. Within the rapidly developing new information based economy, openness of
ideas was replaced with private property rights. All aspects of the system, from code to content, were
subject to privatization and control. Thus, strong international intellectual property protection became
necessary to stave off the threat posed by the developing economies, most of which had no intellectual
property protection on the books.
*As the global economy developed and focus shifted to the East, technology based firms, software, record,
and movie companies began to publicize more vocally the “problem” of piracy in Asia. Despite rampant
piracy throughout the United States and Europe, it was Asia that became the focus of anti-piracy campaigns.
China, for example, became the target of early anti-piracy activism. The reasons countries in Asia have
been targeted as pirate nations are complex, but they seem to be based upon the combination of an early
lack of intellectual property laws and enforcement, combined with rapid economic development that
threatened countries producing and exporting intellectual property goods.
*With the passage of the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Agreement (TRIPs), the rather
esoteric topic of intellectual property became a crucial part of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Prior
to TRIPs, the primary international body dealing with intellectual property was the World Intellectual Property
Organization (WIPO). However, as early as the late 1970s, many businesspeople felt that WIPO was too
weak to protect their intellectual property in the developing world, especially as countries were members of
WIPO, the US could not use the organization to protect its interests without being vetoed by developing
countries. Thus, the United States turned to unilateral trade sanctions and the General Agreement on
Tariffs and Trade (GATT) to protect intellectual property.

24. What is the reason for the two views as mentioned by the author in the first paragraph?
a. The ability to manufacture software, music, etc. which is the same quality as original to some
signifies freedom; to others it means loss of revenues.
b. The two views are of the haves and the have-nots, the have-nots justify this “theft” on account of
freedom.
c. The forces of globalisation are leading to creation of such dilemmas in many South East Asian
countries.
d. The revival in the belief for Intellectual Property Rights since the 18the century has fuelled this
debate.
25. Which one of these is not mentioned as an anti-piracy effort?
a. Shutting down of troublesome Internet sites.
b. Changing laws to enhance protection against those who indulge in piracy.
c. Development of educational campaigns.
d. Funding of primary school education where anti-piracy is highlighted.

26. Why is the Internet able to facilitate an enlarged sphere of participation in various areas?
a. It is inexpensive and is not limited by geographical boundaries.
b. It allows rapid and inexpensive duplication of information.
c. It allows rapid creation of financial benefits for the participants.
d. It is quickly spread and adopted by people.

27. What is a significant impact of the growing intellectual property-related industries in many countries?
a. There are economic boundaries involved in the debate.
b. There are political boundaries involved in the debate.
c. The political actors have a huge stake in the resolution of this debate.
d. None of the above
28. What does the term NICs stand for?
a. Non Industrial Countries
b. Newly Industrializing Countries
c. New Intellectual Code
d. Non Interest Concern

29. What are the reasons for the American insistence on strong intellectual property protection?
a. A major reason for the decline of its competitiveness was the loss from overseas piracy.
b. It shifted to an economy based on intellectual property and this was proving profitable.
c. Both (a) and (b)
d. It would stand to gain the most and would be able to dominate the Southern hemisphere.


30. What does the author find interesting about the focus shifting to the East of the global economy?
a. Piracy in Asia was vocalized for complex reasons, although piracy was as rampant in US.
b. Piracy in Asia was vocalized because the countries were in debt to the US and would toe the line
easily.
c. The Asian countries were not under a regime that would force them to listen to the US.
d. The US was using economic sanctions as a threat to get these countries to have stringent anti
piracy laws.

31. What was the reason for the shift of Intellectual Property Rights from WIPO to WTO?
a. The WIPO regime's efficiency was dwindling because many of its members were themselves
indulging in piracy.
b. WIPO was too weak because its financial situation was not healthy and this did not give it any
leverage in negotiations.
c. The former had many developing countries as its members who would veto any proposal that
protected the US interests.
d. Businessmen who were covertly funding the WTO could exercise pressure but they could not do
the same in case of WIPO.


Happy CATing

P.S- ( * ) indicates a New para



@miseera A
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B
B
B
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A
C

P.S.
Thanks bhai...now the paras are visible....so a bit easier to read and understand...

@miseera Bhai OA??
seems like log weekend par nai solve karte hain...:)
OA daal do...and if possible also the RC for the day...
@saurav205 said:
@miseera Bhai OA??seems like log weekend par nai solve karte hain...OA daal do...and if possible also the RC for the day...
Bhai PG ne Mood ki Baja di h will Post it soon
@miseera said:
Bhai PG ne Mood ki Baja di h will Post it soon
chal koi nai..
take your time...:)
RC of the Day 22/03/2013
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@miseera

miseera bhai OA?
@miseera Bhai please post the oa as well as the new rc tomorrow...:)
@miseera RC of the Day 22/03/2013
24. a
25. d
26. b
27. d
28. b
29. a
30. c
31. c
@miseera RC of the Day 22/03/2013
24:A
25:C
26:B
27:C
28:B
29:C
30:A
31:C
OAs RC 22/03/2013

24. a
The first paragraph mentions this “While the
philosophically …massive theft”. This makes choice
(a) correct.

25. d
The author mentions these actions in the second
paragraph and nowhere is sentence (d) mentioned.
This makes (d) the correct choice.

26. b
This is mentioned in the third paragraph — “Finally, the
Internet … cultural life”. This makes choice (b) correct.

27. b
The fourth paragraph sees the mention of this —
“These complexities … political one”. This makes choice
(b) correct.

28. b
The answer in the fourth paragraph. The correct choice
is (b).

29. c
The author discusses these points in the fifth and
sixth paragraphs. “The shift … today”, and further
“Since 1945 … US $ 8 billion”. This makes choice (c)
correct.

30. a
The seventh paragraph contains “Despite rampant …
anti-piracy campaigns”, and further “The reason …
complex,”. This makes choice (a) correct.

31. c
This issue is mentioned in the last paragraph —
“However as early as … developing countries”. This
makes choice (c) correct.


Happy CATing

P.S- Sorry For being late
RC of The Day 25/03/2013

*It is a leap to go from writing poems about ruins to making ruins to represent poems, but early eighteenth
century England did just this. The Gothic Revival began as a literary movement, drawing its impulses from
poetry and drama, and translating them into architecture. It was swept into existence in Georgian England
by a new literary appetite for melancholy, horror, gloom and decay. It revelled in the exalted psychological
states of Shakespeare's characters, the love of the fantastic and the supernatural in Edmund Spender and,
later the morbid graveyard poetry of Thomas Gray. All these themes, which stood in opposition to the
classical values of clarity and orderliness, came to be associated with the crumbling Gothic landscape of
England.

*The medieval landscape of England had long been the focus of powerful cultural association. It was
exceptionally rich in its heritage of medieval monasteries and abbeys. Although dissolved and looted by
Henry VIII during the Protestant Reformation, these decaying monasteries were an essential component of
the landscape. The English attitude toward this landscape was unusually reverent. Because of the social
history of England a Norman aristocracy arriving in 1066 to supplant an Anglo Saxon kingdom pedigree and
dynastic continuity were matters of great symbolic weight. At the same time, England's aristocracy was
rural, not urban, and enjoyed an intimate relationship with the land, as it does to this day. When the
Puritans ruled England from 1646 to 1660, Tory aristocrats were exiled to their rural estates, batted from
public life, many took refuge in antiquarianism, a favourite aristocratic diversion in troubled times. Most
estates were built on or near the ruins of monasteries, whose antiquity seemed to offer historical legitimacy
to their upstart possessors, albeit of a rather spurious sort. Such is the background to William Dugdale's
Monasticon Anglicanum (1655), an extravagant compendium of these monasteries produced during the
Puritan interregnum.

*It was one thing to draw and research medieval monasteries, it was quite another to build copies of them.
For this to happen required mental adjustments of a traumatic nature. Up to the start of the eighteenth
century it was still taken for granted that a building must be beautiful to look at. This meant classical
architecture, as revived by the Renaissance and proportioned according to the punctilious method of
Vitruvius. In this system Gothic architecture had no place. To admit the merit of Gothic architecture, either
one of two things must occur. Either the definition of beauty could be stretched so that the Gothic could be
defined as beautiful, or the merit of a building could be seen to reside in values other than beauty. The
eighteenth century, though it struggled to do the first, chose the second course. The consequences of this
were not restricted to the Gothic Revival and came to affect much of Western culture.The doctrine, which came to compete with beauty as the fundamental end of art, was that of associationism.
According to this doctrine, a work of art should be judged both by such intrinsic qualities as proportion or
orm, and by the mental sensations they conjure in the minds of viewers.

*The playground for indulging associations was the picturesquely landscaped garden, that essential creation
of eighteenth-century English culture. These gardens recreated the rambling irregularity and contrasting
scenery found in the painted landscapes of Claude Lorrain and Salvator Rosa. In their paintings melancholy
ruins were indispensable, serving to establish scale and depth in perspective, and in landscaped gardens
they did the same. Of course, while Claude's ruins were classical, those of the English countryside were
medieval. Thus from an early date the English landscaped garden introduced medieval vignettes among its
classical pavilions. Some of these consisted of remodelled or altered monastic ruins while others consisted
of entirely new buildings in the 'Gothic' style.

32. Gothic Revival is present in the works of all these authors except
a. Shakespeare b. G B Shaw c. Thomas Gray d. Edmund Spenser

33. What was the impact of the arrival of the Norman aristocracy in England?
a. Pedigree and dynastic continuity were attached with great symbolic weight.
b. Pedigree and aristocracy were attached with great symbolic weight.
c. It supplanted all the architectural styles of the Anglo Saxons.
d. It altered the unusually reverent attitude of the English toward the landscape.

34. What was impact on architecture of the Tory aristocrats being exiled?
a. They went to their rural estates thereby lessening the problem of urban overpopulation.
b. Taking refuge in antiquarianism meant that this was now the most popular theme of architecture.
c. The prevalent architectural form that they were patronizing was now left without support and
slowly faded.
d. Once barred from public life, they built estates near monasteries since antiquity offered historical
legitimacy.

35. What was significant about 18th
century and Gothic architecture?
a. It established that Gothic should either be considered beautiful or superior on some other platform
to be deemed meritorious.
b. It established Gothic architecture as being meritorious on account of values besides beauty.
c. It was established that a building must be beautiful to be considered a piece of good architecture.
d. The fact that beauty was rejected as a criterion for good architecture impacted the Western
culture as whole.

36. Which one of these best describes the theme of associationism?
a. A work of art is judged by the emotions it evokes in the viewers.
b. The prevalent standards of judging works of art which stressed on form etc. did not provide a
holistic judgment.
c. Both (a) and (b)
d. None of the above

37. What was the final outcome of the movement to recreate scenery containing melancholy ruins as in
the paintings of Claude Lorrain and Salvator Ross?
a. Classical ruins were introduced to establish scale and a perspective of depth.
b. The English landscaped garden introduced medieval vignettes among classical pavilions.
c. The “Gothic” aspect in the scenery was highlighted when it was adopted as part of the movement.
d. The English garden was remodelled and became popular across Europe.

38. What does the author mention about the relationship between beauty as the revered value in art and
associationism?
a. Both were correct as per the dictates of the patrons of the time.
b. The fact that Gothic could not fit into the “beauty as a value” definition led to the origin of
associationism.
c. Associationism which was started against the emphasis on beauty was soon adopted by other
facets of Eastern culture.
d. They are interrelated and have left indelible effect on each other across centuries.


Happy CATing

P.S- (*) Indicates a New Para




RC OF THE DAY 25/3/2013

32 B
33 A
34 D
35 B
36 C
37 B
38 D

@miseera B
A
D
D
C
B
B
RC for the day...25/03/2013
Bhai source bata sakta hai??
@saurav205 said:
@miseera BADDCBBRC for the day...25/03/2013 Bhai source bata sakta hai??
Ha 2004 mocks
@miseera had a feeling..old times...