1. This is tricky. However, once the water got cleaner, the number of offsprings the fishes produced should have rose. This is clearly not the case. 2. If the chemicals have a benign effect, the fish population should increase/remain stable. 3. Clearly points towards an unfavorable situation for sunfish and answers the question. 4. This is irrelevant information. 5. This rule hasn't changed and hence does not explain the change in sunfish population.
Its just mentioned predator fish, nowhere its mentioned that it preys sunfish.
Its just mentioned predator fish, nowhere its mentioned that it preys sunfish.
Agreed. As there is no clear answer, the best way is to use process of elimination. Option 4 and 5 are completely out. If 2 were true, the sunfish population would have increased. I have explained why 1, though close, does not justify the observation.
In this question, as in most questions on the GMAT, there is no direct answer. You have to work out an extra step in the mind. And, this step should not be too far stretched. Here, the question says sunfish was abundant. Predators are generally not abundant in any ecological system. Hence, sunfish belongs to a lower level in the ecological system and the pike is likely to prey on them.
Let's consider a re-worded version of option 3.
3. Cleaner water has led to a substantial rise in the number of pike, a predator fish that preys exclusively on sunfish.
If this is how option 3 was worded, this question would not appear on GMAT. Hope you get the drift..
In an attempt to promote the widespread use of paper rather than plastic，and thus reduce non-biodegradable waste，the council of a small town plans to ban the sale of disposable plastic goods for which substitutes made of paper exist．The council argues that since most paper is entirely biodegradable，paper goods are environmentally preferable．
Which of the following，if true，indicates that the plan to ban the sale of disposable plastic goods is suited to the town council's environmental goals?
(A) Although biodegradable plastic goods are now available，members of the town council believe biodegradable paper goods to be safer for the environment． (B) The paper factory at which most of the townspeople are employed plans to increase production of biodegradable paper goods． (C) After other towns enacted similar bans on the sale of plastic goods，the environmental benefits were not discernible for several years． (D) Since most townspeople prefer plastic goods to paper goods in many instances，they are likely to purchase them in neighboring towns where plastic goods are available for sale. (E) Products other than those derived from wood pulp are often used in the manufacture of paper goods that are entirely biodegradable．
In an attempt to promote the widespread use of paper rather than plastic，and thus reduce non-biodegradable waste，the council of a small town plans to ban the sale of disposable plastic goods for which substitutes made of paper exist．The council argues that since most paper is entirely biodegradable，paper goods are environmentally preferable．
Which of the following，if true，indicates that the plan to ban the sale of disposable plastic goods is suited to the town council's environmental goals?
(A) Although biodegradable plastic goods are now available，members of the town council believe biodegradable paper goods to be safer for the environment． (B) The paper factory at which most of the townspeople are employed plans to increase production of biodegradable paper goods． (C) After other towns enacted similar bans on the sale of plastic goods，the environmental benefits were not discernible for several years． (D) Since most townspeople prefer plastic goods to paper goods in many instances，they are likely to purchase them in neighboring towns where plastic goods are available for sale. (E) Products other than those derived from wood pulp are often used in the manufacture of paper goods that are entirely biodegradable．
In an attempt to promote the widespread use of paper rather than plastic，and thus reduce non-biodegradable waste，the council of a small town plans to ban the sale of disposable plastic goods for which substitutes made of paper exist．The council argues that since most paper is entirely biodegradable，paper goods are environmentally preferable．
Which of the following，if true，indicates that the plan to ban the sale of disposable plastic goods is suited to the town council's environmental goals?
(A) Although biodegradable plastic goods are now available，members of the town council believe biodegradable paper goods to be safer for the environment． (B) The paper factory at which most of the townspeople are employed plans to increase production of biodegradable paper goods．
(C) After other towns enacted similar bans on the sale of plastic goods，the environmental benefits were not discernible for several years．
(D) Since most townspeople prefer plastic goods to paper goods in many instances，they are likely to purchase them in neighboring towns where plastic goods are available for sale.
(E) Products other than those derived from wood pulp are often used in the manufacture of paper goods that are entirely biodegradable．
My Answer is A, it tells paper is safer to env. OA plz ?
but dont understand why. it is no way seeming related to strengthening argument. my take was E coz A-D options r either not related to argument or do not contribute to strengthening..........
but dont understand why. it is no way seeming related to strengthening argument. my take was E coz A-D options r either not related to argument or do not contribute to strengthening..........
How can condition D make plan favorable???
If D is true means plastic ban won't be effective at all and hence there will be no change in pollution. This statement weakens the conclusion not at all supportive.
Last year the rate of inflation was 1.2 percent, but for the current year it has been 4 percent. We can conclude that inflation is on an upward trend and the rate will be still higher next year.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the conclusion above?
(A) The inflation figures were computed on the basis of a representative sample of economic data rather than all of the available data. (B) Last year a dip in oil prices brought inflation temporarily below its recent stable annual level of 4 percent. (C) Increases in the pay of some workers are tied to the level of inflation, and at an inflation rate of 4 percent or above, these pay raises constitute a force causing further inflation. (D) The 1.2 percent rate of inflation last year represented a ten-year low. (E) Government intervention cannot affect the rate of inflation to any significant degree.
Last year the rate of inflation was 1.2 percent, but for the current year it has been 4 percent. We can conclude that inflation is on an upward trend and the rate will be still higher next year.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the conclusion above?
(A) The inflation figures were computed on the basis of a representative sample of economic data rather than all of the available data. (B) Last year a dip in oil prices brought inflation temporarily below its recent stable annual level of 4 percent. (C) Increases in the pay of some workers are tied to the level of inflation, and at an inflation rate of 4 percent or above, these pay raises constitute a force causing further inflation. (D) The 1.2 percent rate of inflation last year represented a ten-year low. (E) Government intervention cannot affect the rate of inflation to any significant degree.
My answer is B, it clarifies two things, one - why rate of inflation was low last year and two, it was a temporary shift due to dip in oil prices as against the regular 4% annual level.
My answer is B, it clarifies two things, one - why rate of inflation was low last year and two, it was a temporary shift due to dip in oil prices as against the regular 4% annual level.
Whats the OA?
Option B has a mention 'a regular 4%' and so it may appear as the correct ans. But look at option D. It states '1.2% was a ten year low'. What if the inflation had been regularly 4% and only for the last year in the decade it was 1.2%. From this point of view options B and D look close and both weaken, but not seriously. Doesn't A seriously weaken because of insufficient sample size?
Option B has a mention 'a regular 4%' and so it may appear as the correct ans. But look at option D. It states '1.2% was a ten year low'. What if the inflation had been regularly 4% and only for the last year in the decade it was 1.2%. From this point of view options B and D look close and both weaken, but not seriously. Doesn't A seriously weaken because of insufficient sample size?
D actually supports the argument as it says 1.2% was the lowest in the decade but we have to weaken the argument so what is that tells us that 1.2% was temp. and normally inflation is 4% only ..option B. A tells us how the data was computed but still it doesn't mention if it was rightly done or not. So, we cannot draw much of a conclusion from it. Hence, B seems to be the best among all.
D actually supports the argument as it says 1.2% was the lowest in the decade but we have to weaken the argument so what is that tells us that 1.2% was temp. and normally inflation is 4% only ..option B. A tells us how the data was computed but still it doesn't mention if it was rightly done or not. So, we cannot draw much of a conclusion from it. Hence, B seems to be the best among all.
When we talk about the future, D can't really support the argument. B would be perfect answer option if it contains the word 'almost' or 'always' instead of 'recent'
Last year the rate of inflation was 1.2 percent, but for the current year it has been 4 percent. We can conclude that inflation is on an upward trend and the rate will be still higher next year.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the conclusion above?
(A) The inflation figures were computed on the basis of a representative sample of economic data rather than all of the available data. (B) Last year a dip in oil prices brought inflation temporarily below its recent stable annual level of 4 percent. (C) Increases in the pay of some workers are tied to the level of inflation, and at an inflation rate of 4 percent or above, these pay raises constitute a force causing further inflation. (D) The 1.2 percent rate of inflation last year represented a ten-year low. (E) Government intervention cannot affect the rate of inflation to any significant degree.
If A, then B. If B, then C. If C, then D. If all of the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true? (A) If D, then A. (B) If not B, then not C. (C) If not D, then not A. (D) If D, then E. (E) If not A, then not D.
Dear Applicant: Thank you for your application. Unfortunately, we are unable to offer you a position in our local government office for the summer. As you know, funding for summer jobs is limited, and it is impossible for us to offer jobs to all those who want them. Consequently, we are forced to reject many highly qualified applicants. Which of the following can be inferred from the letter? (A) The number of applicants for summer jobs in the government office exceeded the number of summer jobs available. (B) The applicant who received the letter was considered highly qualified. (C) Very little funding was available for summer jobs in the government office. (D) The application of the person who received the letter was considered carefully before being rejected. (E) Most of those who applied for summer jobs were considered qualified for the available positions.
If A, then B. If B, then C. If C, then D. If all of the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true? (A) If D, then A. (B) If not B, then not C. (C) If not D, then not A. (D) If D, then E. (E) If not A, then not D.
I believe the answer is C.
Explanation:
(A) - Not necessary. If D is true, it tells us nothing about A. A may or may not be true. The cause and effect relationship is not clear.
(B) - Not Necessary. If B is true, then C is true. We have no clue what happens to C if B is not true. C may or may not be true.
(D) - Irrelevant. We have no clue about E.
(E) - Not Necessary. We just know that B is true if A is true. We have no idea about the other possibilities.
Now come to the answer C. If C is true, D must be true. Therefore, if D is not true, we can be certain C is not true. If C is not true, we can be sure that B is not true. If B is not true, we can be sure that A is not true.
Dear Applicant: Thank you for your application. Unfortunately, we are unable to offer you a position in our local government office for the summer. As you know, funding for summer jobs is limited, and it is impossible for us to offer jobs to all those who want them. Consequently, we are forced to reject many highly qualified applicants. Which of the following can be inferred from the letter? (A) The number of applicants for summer jobs in the government office exceeded the number of summer jobs available. (B) The applicant who received the letter was considered highly qualified. (C) Very little funding was available for summer jobs in the government office. (D) The application of the person who received the letter was considered carefully before being rejected. (E) Most of those who applied for summer jobs were considered qualified for the available positions.
IMO ans is E. Obviously choice is between B and E but B is what is almost directly stated but E is what can be inferred.
Dear Applicant: Thank you for your application. Unfortunately, we are unable to offer you a position in our local government office for the summer. As you know, funding for summer jobs is limited, and it is impossible for us to offer jobs to all those who want them. Consequently, we are forced to reject many highly qualified applicants. Which of the following can be inferred from the letter? (A) The number of applicants for summer jobs in the government office exceeded the number of summer jobs available. (B) The applicant who received the letter was considered highly qualified. (C) Very little funding was available for summer jobs in the government office. (D) The application of the person who received the letter was considered carefully before being rejected. (E) Most of those who applied for summer jobs were considered qualified for the available positions.
Answer is A.
The local government office had limited funding. They could not offer jobs to all applicants. So much so that they had to reject even highly qualified applicants.
The only conclusion is - they received application far in excess of jobs available. Unable to accomodate everyone, they are rejecting even the highly qualified ones.
All others are not backed by evidence in the stimulus.