OA is give as E,which seems way out of scope
In the years since the city of London imposed strict air-pollution regulations on local industry, the number of bird species seen in and around London has increased dramatically. Similar air-pollution rules should be imposed in other major cities.
Each of the following is an assumption made in the argument above EXCEPT:
(A) In most major cities, air-pollution problems are caused almost entirely by local industry.
(B) Air-pollution regulations on industry have a significant impact on the quality of the air.
(C) The air-pollution problems of other major cities are basically similar to those once suffered by London.
(D) An increase in the number of bird species in and around a city is desirable.
(E) The increased sightings of bird species in and around London reflect an actual increase in the number of species in the area.
Each of the following is an assumption made in the argument above EXCEPT:
(A) In most major cities, air-pollution problems are caused almost entirely by local industry.
(B) Air-pollution regulations on industry have a significant impact on the quality of the air.
(C) The air-pollution problems of other major cities are basically similar to those once suffered by London.
(D) An increase in the number of bird species in and around a city is desirable.
(E) The increased sightings of bird species in and around London reflect an actual increase in the number of species in the area.
In the years since the city of London imposed strict air-pollution regulations on local industry, the number of bird species seen in and around London has increased dramatically. Similar air-pollution rules should be imposed in other major cities.
Each of the following is an assumption made in the argument above EXCEPT:
(A) In most major cities, air-pollution problems are caused almost entirely by local industry.
(B) Air-pollution regulations on industry have a significant impact on the quality of the air.
(C) The air-pollution problems of other major cities are basically similar to those once suffered by London.
(D) An increase in the number of bird species in and around a city is desirable.
(E) The increased sightings of bird species in and around London reflect an actual increase in the number of species in the area.
definitely not A,B,C ..
between D and E ,i would choose E .. E is more of conclusion statement
As an experienced labor organizer and the former head of one of the nation's most powerful labor unions, Grayson is an excellent choice to chair the new council on business-labor relations.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion above?
(A) The new council must have the support of the nation's labor leaders if it is to succeed.
(B) During his years as a labor leader, Grayson established a record of good relations with business leaders.
(C) The chair of the new council must be a person who can communicate directly with the leaders of the nation's largest labor unions.
(D) Most of the other members of the new council will be representatives of business management interests
(e) An understanding of the needs and problems of labor is the only qualification necessary for the job of chairing the new council.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion above?
(A) The new council must have the support of the nation's labor leaders if it is to succeed.
(B) During his years as a labor leader, Grayson established a record of good relations with business leaders.
(C) The chair of the new council must be a person who can communicate directly with the leaders of the nation's largest labor unions.
(D) Most of the other members of the new council will be representatives of business management interests
(e) An understanding of the needs and problems of labor is the only qualification necessary for the job of chairing the new council.
As an experienced labor organizer and the former head of one of the nation's most powerful labor unions, Grayson is an excellent choice to chair the new council on business-labor relations.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion above?
(A) The new council must have the support of the nation's labor leaders if it is to succeed.
(B) During his years as a labor leader, Grayson established a record of good relations with business leaders.
(C) The chair of the new council must be a person who can communicate directly with the leaders of the nation's largest labor unions.
(D) Most of the other members of the new council will be representatives of business management interests
(e) An understanding of the needs and problems of labor is the only qualification necessary for the job of chairing the new council.
I'll go with C
OA is E,how??
ans is option E.....
since the increase in number of bird species does not reflect increase in number of species of other kind, in any way....
yeah i support option E
since the only qualification reqd. is as stated in option E, grayson stands as the most elligible to chair this union.... because he is a labor organiser n was representative of the nations most powerful lab unions
As an experienced labor organizer and the former head of one of the nations most powerful labor unions, Grayson is an excellent choice to chair the new council on business-labor relations.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion above?
(A) The new council must have the support of the nations labor leaders if it is to succeed.
(B) During his years as a labor leader, Grayson established a record of good relations with business leaders.
(C) The chair of the new council must be a person who can communicate directly with the leaders of the nations largest labor unions.
(D) Most of the other members of the new council will be representatives of business management interests
(e) An understanding of the needs and problems of labor is the only qualification necessary for the job of chairing the new council.
The inherent weakness in the argument is that it assumes that no other qualification is needed to chair the new council on business-labor relations. Option E addresses this weakness and is the right answer.
Because no employee wants to be associated with bad news in the eyes of a superior, information about serious problems at lower levels is progressively softened and distorted as it goes up each step in the management hierarchy. The chief executive is, therefore, less well informed about problems at lower levels than are his or her subordinates at those levels.
The conclusion drawn above is based on the assumption that
(A) problems should be solved at the level in the management hierarchy at which they occur
(B) employees should be rewarded for accurately reporting problems to their superiors
(C) problem-solving ability is more important at higher levels than it is at lower levels of the management hierarchy
(D) chief executives obtain information about problems at lower levels from no source other than their subordinates
(E) some employees are more concerned about truth than about the way they are perceived by their superiors
Because no employee wants to be associated with bad news in the eyes of a superior, information about serious problems at lower levels is progressively softened and distorted as it goes up each step in the management hierarchy. The chief executive is, therefore, less well informed about problems at lower levels than are his or her subordinates at those levels.
The conclusion drawn above is based on the assumption that
(A) problems should be solved at the level in the management hierarchy at which they occur
(B) employees should be rewarded for accurately reporting problems to their superiors
(C) problem-solving ability is more important at higher levels than it is at lower levels of the management hierarchy
(D) chief executives obtain information about problems at lower levels from no source other than their subordinates
(E) some employees are more concerned about truth than about the way they are perceived by their superiors
obvious answer would be d )
As an experienced labor organizer and the former head of one of the nations most powerful labor unions, Grayson is an excellent choice to chair the new council on business-labor relations.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion above?
(A) The new council must have the support of the nations labor leaders if it is to succeed.
(B) During his years as a labor leader, Grayson established a record of good relations with business leaders.
(C) The chair of the new council must be a person who can communicate directly with the leaders of the nations largest labor unions.
(D) Most of the other members of the new council will be representatives of business management interests
(e) An understanding of the needs and problems of labor is the only qualification necessary for the job of chairing the new council.
Well the conclusion is that Grayson is most suitable for the post.Lets analyze each argument one by one:
A.Grayson was a former leader.He may or may not have support of nation's leader.Hence this option is ruled out.
B.What about the relation with business side??Nothing said.
C.Again nothing about Grayson's communication with business management.
D.Irrelevant.Nothing about Grayson.
E.Since Grayson was once an experienced labour leader,it is a safe ssumption that he understands needs and problems of labor. It is the only qualification required.
Hence,Option E.
naga25french Saysobvious answer would be d )
Definitely D
1)In 1986, the city of Los Diablos had 20 days on which air pollution reached unhealthful amounts and a smog alert was put into effect. In early 1987, new air pollution control measures were enacted, but the city had smog alerts on 31 days that year and on 39 days the following year. In 1989, however, the number of smog alerts in Los Diablos dropped to sixteen. The main air pollutants in Los Diablos are ozone and carbon monoxide, and since 1986 the levels of both have been monitored by gas spectrography.
Which of the following statements, assuming that each is true, would be LEAST helpful in explaining the air pollution levels in Los Diablos between 1986 and 1989?
(A) The 1987 air pollution control measures enacted in Los Diablos were put into effect in November of 1988.
(B) In December of 1988 a new and far more accurate gas spectrometer was invented..
(C) In February of 1989, the Pollution Control Board of Los Diablos revised the scale used to determine the amount of air pollution considered unhealthful.
(D) In 1988 the mayor of Los Diablos was found to have accepted large campaign donations from local industries and to have exempted those same industries from air pollution control measures.
(E) Excess ozone and carbon monoxide require a minimum of two years to break down naturally in the atmosphere above a given area.
2)
We have heard a good deal in recent years about the declining importance of the two major political parties. It is the mass media, we are told, that decide the outcome of elections, not the power of the parties. But it is worth noting that no independent or third-party candidate has won any important election in recent years, and in the last nationwide campaign, the two major parties raised and spent more money than ever before in support of their candidates and platforms. It seems clear that reports of the imminent demise of the two-party system are premature at best.
Which of the following is an assumption made in the argument above?
(A) The amount of money raised and spent by a political party is one valid criterion for judging the influence of the party..
(B) A significant increase in the number of third-party candidates would be evidence of a decline in the importance of the two major parties.
(C) The two-party system has contributed significantly to the stability of the American political structure.
(D) The mass media tend to favor an independent or third-party candidate over a candidate from one of the two major parties
(E) The mass media are relatively unimportant in deciding the outcome of most elections.
3)
Dr. A: The new influenza vaccine is useless at best and possibly dangerous. I would never use it on a patient.
Dr. B: But three studies published in the Journal of Medical Associates have rated that vaccine as unusually effective.
Dr. A: The studies must have been faulty because the vaccine is worthless.
In which of the following is the reasoning most similar to that of Dr. A?
(A) Three of my patients have been harmed by that vaccine during the past three weeks, so the vaccine is unsafe.
(B) Jerrold Jersey recommends this milk, and I don't trust Jerrold Jersey, so I won't buy this milk.
(C) Wingzz tennis balls perform best because they are far more effective than any other tennis balls..
(D) I'm buying Vim Vitamins. Doctors recommend them more often than they recommend any other vitamins, so Vim Vitamins must be good.
(E) Since University of Muldoon graduates score about 20 percent higher than average on the GMAT, Sheila Lee, a University of Muldoon graduate, will score about 20 percent higher than average when she takes the GMAT.
Which of the following statements, assuming that each is true, would be LEAST helpful in explaining the air pollution levels in Los Diablos between 1986 and 1989?
(A) The 1987 air pollution control measures enacted in Los Diablos were put into effect in November of 1988.
(B) In December of 1988 a new and far more accurate gas spectrometer was invented..
(C) In February of 1989, the Pollution Control Board of Los Diablos revised the scale used to determine the amount of air pollution considered unhealthful.
(D) In 1988 the mayor of Los Diablos was found to have accepted large campaign donations from local industries and to have exempted those same industries from air pollution control measures.
(E) Excess ozone and carbon monoxide require a minimum of two years to break down naturally in the atmosphere above a given area.
2)
We have heard a good deal in recent years about the declining importance of the two major political parties. It is the mass media, we are told, that decide the outcome of elections, not the power of the parties. But it is worth noting that no independent or third-party candidate has won any important election in recent years, and in the last nationwide campaign, the two major parties raised and spent more money than ever before in support of their candidates and platforms. It seems clear that reports of the imminent demise of the two-party system are premature at best.
Which of the following is an assumption made in the argument above?
(A) The amount of money raised and spent by a political party is one valid criterion for judging the influence of the party..
(B) A significant increase in the number of third-party candidates would be evidence of a decline in the importance of the two major parties.
(C) The two-party system has contributed significantly to the stability of the American political structure.
(D) The mass media tend to favor an independent or third-party candidate over a candidate from one of the two major parties
(E) The mass media are relatively unimportant in deciding the outcome of most elections.
3)
Dr. A: The new influenza vaccine is useless at best and possibly dangerous. I would never use it on a patient.
Dr. B: But three studies published in the Journal of Medical Associates have rated that vaccine as unusually effective.
Dr. A: The studies must have been faulty because the vaccine is worthless.
In which of the following is the reasoning most similar to that of Dr. A?
(A) Three of my patients have been harmed by that vaccine during the past three weeks, so the vaccine is unsafe.
(B) Jerrold Jersey recommends this milk, and I don't trust Jerrold Jersey, so I won't buy this milk.
(C) Wingzz tennis balls perform best because they are far more effective than any other tennis balls..
(D) I'm buying Vim Vitamins. Doctors recommend them more often than they recommend any other vitamins, so Vim Vitamins must be good.
(E) Since University of Muldoon graduates score about 20 percent higher than average on the GMAT, Sheila Lee, a University of Muldoon graduate, will score about 20 percent higher than average when she takes the GMAT.
1)In 1986, the city of Los Diablos had 20 days on which air pollution reached unhealthful amounts and a smog alert was put into effect. In early 1987, new air pollution control measures were enacted, but the city had smog alerts on 31 days that year and on 39 days the following year. In 1989, however, the number of smog alerts in Los Diablos dropped to sixteen. The main air pollutants in Los Diablos are ozone and carbon monoxide, and since 1986 the levels of both have been monitored by gas spectrography.
Which of the following statements, assuming that each is true, would be LEAST helpful in explaining the air pollution levels in Los Diablos between 1986 and 1989?
The answer is (D).
2)
We have heard a good deal in recent years about the declining importance of the two major political parties. It is the mass media, we are told, that decide the outcome of elections, not the power of the parties. But it is worth noting that no independent or third-party candidate has won any important election in recent years, and in the last nationwide campaign, the two major parties raised and spent more money than ever before in support of their candidates and platforms. It seems clear that reports of the imminent demise of the two-party system are premature at best.
Which of the following is an assumption made in the argument above?
The answer is (A).
3)
Dr. A: The new influenza vaccine is useless at best and possibly dangerous. I would never use it on a patient.
Dr. B: But three studies published in the Journal of Medical Associates have rated that vaccine as unusually effective.
Dr. A: The studies must have been faulty because the vaccine is worthless.
In which of the following is the reasoning most similar to that of Dr. A?
The answer is (B).
The answer for 3 is B
Solve the following 3 questions with explanation:
1)The gypsy moth, which in its caterpillar stage poses a great threat to fruit crops in the state of California, has been subjected to regular spraying of several pesticides by the USDA. These pesticides, while not uniformly successful, have been shown to be effective in killing a broad range of insects in the adult stage. Research has also been done on the effect of dusty visalia beetle on gypsy moth populations. In lab tests, this natural enemy of the gypsy moth successfully controlled gypsy moth population growth by feeding on the cocoons of the moth without harming the fruit trees. Yet, when the USDA released millions of these beetles in the states orchards, they had little effect.
Which one of the following, if true, would offer the most likely explanation for the failure of the USDAs dusty visalia beetle-release program?
A)The USDA rushed the beetle program through tests, and failed to explore other options fully.
B)The dusty visalia beetle has few natural enemies.
C)The fruit trees used in the USDA study were specially selected for their resistance to gypsy moth caterpillars.
D)The USDAs pesticide-spraying program was unchanged and all orchards were sprayed according to schedule.
E)The cost of growing the fruit trees used in the study far exceeded the cost of raising the dusty visalia beetle.
2)
Ten adults were surveyed in a study relating exercise to feelings of health and general well-being. They were required to log the frequency and length of their visits to the gym and the length of their workouts. The participants were then immediately administered a questionnaire to determine their feelings of health and well being. Contrary to expectations, the survey indicated that frequent and strenuous exercise left adults feeling markedly less healthy and content.
Each of the following, if true, contributes to an explanation of the disparity between the expected and actual results EXCEPT:
A)The participants tended to exercise more strenuously when they felt the onset of a cold or the flu, further weakening their resistance.
B)An individual who is unaccustomed to strenuous exercise will feel a certain amount of soreness after a workout, contributing to feelings of ill-health.
C)Adults tend to exercise to offset the effects of unhealthy practices such as overeating.
D)The criteria for feelings of well-being as represented on the questionnaire were couched in vague and misleading terms.
E) The questionnaire was administered directly after an aerobic workout, which has been determined to raise endorphins to unprecedented levels.
3)
Clothing Company Y distributes clothing samples free to buyers at large department stores. Based on the quality and attractiveness of the samples, the buyers determine which of Clothing Company Y's items will be sold by the department stores that they represent. Discounter X purchases these clothing samples from the buyers, then sells the samples to the public at a price lower than retail. This motivates consumers to buy clothing from Discounter X rather than from the department stores that sell Clothing Company Y's clothing, resulting in lower profits for Clothing Company Y.
Based on the information above, Clothing Company Y could most effectively raise profits by
A)distributing fewer clothing samples to department store buyers
B)distributing samples exclusively in sizes considerably smaller than those of clothing that they produce for retail sale
C)distributing clothing samples only of styles that they think will not be popular among consumers
D)distributing samples of deliberately poorer quality than that of clothing that they produce for retail sale
E)distributing clothing samples only to a small group of department store buyers
Solve the following 3 questions with explanation:
1)The gypsy moth, which in its caterpillar stage poses a great threat to fruit crops in the state of California, has been subjected to regular spraying of several pesticides by the USDA. These pesticides, while not uniformly successful, have been shown to be effective in killing a broad range of insects in the adult stage. Research has also been done on the effect of dusty visalia beetle on gypsy moth populations. In lab tests, this natural enemy of the gypsy moth successfully controlled gypsy moth population growth by feeding on the cocoons of the moth without harming the fruit trees. Yet, when the USDA released millions of these beetles in the states orchards, they had little effect.
Which one of the following, if true, would offer the most likely explanation for the failure of the USDAs dusty visalia beetle-release program?
A)The USDA rushed the beetle program through tests, and failed to explore other options fully. The argument is about success of program with itself not with other options.
B)The dusty visalia beetle has few natural enemies. Opposite of conclusion.
C)The fruit trees used in the USDA study were specially selected for their resistance to gypsy moth caterpillars. Not supported
D)The USDAs pesticide-spraying program was unchanged and all orchards were sprayed according to schedule. As the premise suggest pesticides are effective on wide variety of insects, so it is possible that beetle couldn't sustain to these pesticides.
E)The cost of growing the fruit trees used in the study far exceeded the cost of raising the dusty visalia beetle.Not relevant to the conclusion
Whats the OA?
hello everyone..
my first post on this thread,
puys, anybody using GMAT NOVA for practice and all?
I was going thru today, the Critical Reasoning part is just blunder in this book... anybody having same experience?
pls let me know how to start with GMAT verbal, I have taken a date in March last week... dont know will I be able to do it or no... but anyhow I wanna score 750+ in first attempt...
do revert!
cheers!!!
1) Under normal conditions, a single AA NiCD will power a smoke detector for a minimum 60 days. The current county regulation requiring all hospitals to replace the AA NiCD batteries in their smoke detectors every 45 days is both illogical and unduly harms the environment. The current replacement schedule could safely be extended to 60 days thereby decreasing the number of environment-damaging batteries requiring disposal.
Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the above conclusion?
a) The chemicals used in certain medical treatments can affect the operation of a smoke detector.
B) Smoke detectors can normally operate on a single AA NiCD battery for longer than 60 days.
C) The countrys Hospital administrators would prefer to replace smoke detector batteries on a rotating schedule rather than in a single large batch
D) The results of a recent poll indicate that over half of the countys hospital administrators supported to a change to the current replacement schedule.
E) Most homeowners replace their smoke detector batteries only four times per year
My take is option 'E'. Wats OA