The OA is (E).. can someone help?.. I found this very confusing..!
I am not sure of this, but I'll go with option C.
What's the OA ?
Originally Posted by *arch*View Post Lark Manufacturing Company initiated a voluntary Quality Circles program for machine operators. Independent surveys of employee attitudes indicated that the machine operators participating in the program were less satisfied with their work situations after two years of the program's existence than they were at the program's start. Obviously, any workers who participate in a Quality Circles program will, as a result, become less satisfied with their jobs.
Each of the following, if true, would weaken the conclusion drawn above EXCEPT:
(A) The second survey occurred during a period of recession when rumors of cutbacks and layoffs at Lark Manufacturing were plentiful.
(B) The surveys also showed that those Lark machine operators who neither participated in Quality Circles nor knew anyone who did so reported the same degree of lessened satisfaction with their work situations as did the Lark machine operators who participated in Quality Circles.
(C) While participating in Quality Circles at Lark Manufacturing, machine operators exhibited two of the primary indicators of improved job satisfaction: increased productivity and decreased absenteeism.
(D) Several workers at Lark Manufacturing who had participated in Quality Circles while employed at other companies reported that, while participating in Quality Circles in their previous companies, their work satisfaction had increased.
(E) The machine operators who participated in Quality Circles reported that, when the program started, they felt that participation might improve their work situations.
1.A government agency that reimburses its clients for bills they have paid for medical care has had this years budget cut. To save money without cutting reimbursements or otherwise harming clients financially, it plans to delay reimbursements to clients for forty days, thereby earning $180 million per year in interest on the reimbursement money. Which of the following, if true, is the best criticism of the agencys plan? (A) Hospitals and physicians typically hold patients responsible for the ultimate payment of their bills. (B) The agency cannot save money by cutting staff because it is already understaffed. (C) Some clients borrow money to pay their medical bills; they will pay forty extra days of interest on these loans. (D) Some clients pay their medical bills immediately, but they often take more than forty days to file with the agency for reimbursement. (E) The agencys budget was cut by more than $180 million last year.
2.The president of a consulting firm analyzed the decisions made about marketing by her clients and concluded that the decisions were correct only about half of the time. The conclusion above depends on the presupposition that (A) companies can be successful even when about half of the decisions they make about marketing prove to be wrong (B) companies hiring her consulting firm make no more incorrect marketing decisions than do companies in general (C) executives consistently making correct marketing decisions rarely enlist the aid of a consulting firm (D) marketing decision are just as likely to be correct as they are to be incorrect (E) it is possible to classify a marketing decision properly as being either right or wrong
3.A violin constructed to have improved sound would sound different from the best-sounding existing violins. To professional violinists, a violin that sounds different from the best-sounding existing violins sounds less like a violin and therefore worse than the best-sounding existing violins. Professional violinists are the only accepted judges of the sound quality of violins. Would be the best supported by those statements? (A) Only amateur violinists should be asked to judge the sound quality of newly constructed violins. (B) Professional violinists supervise the construction of violins. (C) The best-sounding existing violins have been in existence fro several centuries. (D) It is currently impossible to construct a violin that the only accepted judges will evaluate as having improved sound. (E) It is possible to construct a violin that sounds better than the best-sounding existing violins to everyone but professional violinists.
4.When people predict that certain result will not take place unless a certain action is taken, they believe that they have learned that the prediction is correct when the action is taken and the result occurs. On reflection, however, it often becomes clear that the result admits of more than one interpretation. Which of the following, if true, best supports the claims above? (A) Judging the success of an action requires specifying the goal of the action. (B) Judging which action to take after a prediction is made requires knowing about other actions that have been successful in similar past situations. (C) Learning whether a certain predictive strategy is good requires knowing the result using that strategy through several trials. (D) Distinguishing a correct prediction and effective action from an incorrect prediction and ineffective action is often impossible. (E) Making a successful prediction requires knowing the facts about the context of that prediction.
5. The fact that several of the largest senior citizens organizations are constituted almost exclusively of middle-class elderly people has led critics to question the seriousness of those organizations commitment to speaking out on behalf of the needs of economically disadvantaged elderly people. Which of the following generalizations, if true, would help to substantiate the criticism implicit in the statement above? (A) The ideology of an organization tends reflect the traditional political climate of its locale. (B) The needs of disadvantaged elderly people differ in some ways from those of other disadvantaged groups within contemporary society. (C) Organized groups are better able to publicize their problems and seek redress than individuals acting alone. (D) Middle-class elderly people are more likely to join organizations than are economically disadvantaged elderly people. (E) People usually join organizations whose purpose is to further the economic, political, or social interests of their members.
Often patients with ankle fractures that are stable, and thus do not
require surgery, are given follow-up x-rays because their orthopedists are concerned about possibly having misjudged the stability of the fracture. When a number of follow-up x-rays were reviewed, however, all the fractures that had initially been judged stable were found to have healed correctly. Therefore, it is a waste of money to order follow-up x-rays of ankle fracture initially judged stable. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument? A. Doctors who are general practitioners rather than orthopedists are less likely than orthopedists to judge the stability of an ankle fracture correctly. B. Many ankle injuries for which an initial x-ray is ordered are revealed by the x-ray not to involve any fracture of the ankle. C. X-rays of patients of many different orthopedists working in several hospitals were reviewed. D. The healing of ankle fractures that have been surgically repaired is always checked by means of a follow-up x-ray. E. Orthopedists routinely order follow-up x-rays for fractures of bone other than ankle bones. Answer: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.A government agency that reimburses its clients for bills they have paid for medical care has had this years budget cut. To save money without cutting reimbursements or otherwise harming clients financially, it plans to delay reimbursements to clients for forty days, thereby earning $180 million per year in interest on the reimbursement money. Which of the following, if true, is the best criticism of the agencys plan? (A) Hospitals and physicians typically hold patients responsible for the ultimate payment of their bills. (B) The agency cannot save money by cutting staff because it is already understaffed. (C) Some clients borrow money to pay their medical bills; they will pay forty extra days of interest on these loans. (D) Some clients pay their medical bills immediately, but they often take more than forty days to file with the agency for reimbursement. (E) The agencys budget was cut by more than $180 million last year.
2.The president of a consulting firm analyzed the decisions made about marketing by her clients and concluded that the decisions were correct only about half of the time. The conclusion above depends on the presupposition that (A) companies can be successful even when about half of the decisions they make about marketing prove to be wrong (B) companies hiring her consulting firm make no more incorrect marketing decisions than do companies in general (C) executives consistently making correct marketing decisions rarely enlist the aid of a consulting firm (D) marketing decision are just as likely to be correct as they are to be incorrect (E) it is possible to classify a marketing decision properly as being either right or wrong
3.A violin constructed to have improved sound would sound different from the best-sounding existing violins. To professional violinists, a violin that sounds different from the best-sounding existing violins sounds less like a violin and therefore worse than the best-sounding existing violins. Professional violinists are the only accepted judges of the sound quality of violins. Would be the best supported by those statements? (A) Only amateur violinists should be asked to judge the sound quality of newly constructed violins. (B) Professional violinists supervise the construction of violins. (C) The best-sounding existing violins have been in existence fro several centuries. (D) It is currently impossible to construct a violin that the only accepted judges will evaluate as having improved sound. (E) It is possible to construct a violin that sounds better than the best-sounding existing violins to everyone but professional violinists.
4.When people predict that certain result will not take place unless a certain action is taken, they believe that they have learned that the prediction is correct when the action is taken and the result occurs. On reflection, however, it often becomes clear that the result admits of more than one interpretation. Which of the following, if true, best supports the claims above? (A) Judging the success of an action requires specifying the goal of the action. (B) Judging which action to take after a prediction is made requires knowing about other actions that have been successful in similar past situations. (C) Learning whether a certain predictive strategy is good requires knowing the result using that strategy through several trials. (D) Distinguishing a correct prediction and effective action from an incorrect prediction and ineffective action is often impossible. (E) Making a successful prediction requires knowing the facts about the context of that prediction.
5. The fact that several of the largest senior citizens organizations are constituted almost exclusively of middle-class elderly people has led critics to question the seriousness of those organizations commitment to speaking out on behalf of the needs of economically disadvantaged elderly people. Which of the following generalizations, if true, would help to substantiate the criticism implicit in the statement above? (A) The ideology of an organization tends reflect the traditional political climate of its locale. (B) The needs of disadvantaged elderly people differ in some ways from those of other disadvantaged groups within contemporary society. (C) Organized groups are better able to publicize their problems and seek redress than individuals acting alone. (D) Middle-class elderly people are more likely to join organizations than are economically disadvantaged elderly people. (E) People usually join organizations whose purpose is to further the economic, political, or social interests of their members.
I intended to start a new thread but because I dont know how here are 3 good CR questions for the benefit of all. *** Someone please tell me how to start a new thread 😁 :bigear:***
While answering please answer with reasoning, else I wont disclose the OAs :P
Nice smilies too!
1 - Although there has been great scientific debate for decades over global warming, most scientists now agree that human activity is causing the Earths temperature to rise. Though predictions vary, many global warming experts believe that average global temperatures will rise between three and eight degrees Fahrenheit during the next century. Such an increase would cause an alarming rise in sea levels, displacing millions of people by destroying major population centers along the worlds coastlines. Which of the following is an assumption in support of the arguments conclusion? A- New technological developments in the next century will not divert rising seas from the worlds coastal cities. B-Individuals will not become more aware of the steps they can take to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. C-Rising sea levels similarly affect all coastal population centers. D-Some global warming experts predict a greater than eight degree Fahrenheit increase in global temperatures during the next century. E-Human activity is the sole cause of increasing global temperatures.
2 - since the new publisher took control, a news magazines covers have featured only models and movie stars. Previously, the covers had displayed only politicians, soldiers, and business leaders. A leading gossip columnist claimed that the changes made the magazine relevant again. However, many newspaper editorials disagreed and suggested that the new publisher is more interested in boosting sales than in reporting important news events. Which of the following is an assumption necessary for the argument made by the gossip columnists opponents? A- The charitable activities of models and movie stars often focus public attention on pressing problems. B- Final authority for choosing the cover subject of the magazine lies with the publisher. C- A magazine can boost sales while highlighting the coverage of important world leaders. D-Some of the movie stars featured are now running for political office. E- Magazine issues with models or movie stars on the covers are purchased at a rate more than three times greater than is the case with issues featuring politicians on the covers.
3 -For-profit colleges serve far fewer students than either public or private non-profit colleges. At the same time, relative to non-profit colleges, for-profit colleges draw a disproportionate share of federal and state financial aid, such as tuition grants and guaranteed loans, for their students. It must be, then, that for-profit colleges enroll a greater proportion of financially disadvantaged students than do non-profit colleges. The conclusion above depends on which of the following assumptions? A- Public non-profit colleges and private non-profit colleges enroll a similar proportion of financially disadvantaged students. B- For-profit colleges do not engage in fraudulent practices in helping their students obtain unneeded federal and state financial aid. C-The number of students receiving federal and state financial aid at for-profit colleges is greater than the number of students receiving federal and state financial aid at non-profit colleges. D-For-profit colleges are of similar educational quality as non-profit colleges. E-The majority of students at for-profit colleges do not default on repayment of their loans after they complete
Question (1) - my answer is (D). This is because the argument says "though predictions vary..many experts that...". This led me to think that the implied assumption in the argument is the fact that some experts might have predicted the avg global temp to be > 8 degrees.
Question (2) - I would pick (E). When the newspaper editorials say that the publisher is more interested in boosting the sales of the magazines, the implied assumption here is that - the magazines would sell faster if they had models featured on their covers.
Question (3) - I would pick (B). In the argument, the author concludes that because the for-profit colleges draw a disproportionate amount of funds, they must have a greater proportion of disadvantaged students. He is assuming that the for-profit colleges do not engage in any fraudulent activities and the greater amount of funds directly relate to the proportion of disadvantaged students enrolled in the college.
What are the OAs?
I intended to start a new thread but because I dont know how here are 3 good CR questions for the benefit of all. *** Someone please tell me how to start a new thread 😁 :bigear:***
While answering please answer with reasoning, else I wont disclose the OAs :P
I intended to start a new thread but because I dont know how here are 3 good CR questions for the benefit of all. *** Someone please tell me how to start a new thread 😁 :bigear:***
While answering please answer with reasoning, else I wont disclose the OAs :P
Nice smilies too!
1 - Although there has been great scientific debate for decades over global warming, most scientists now agree that human activity is causing the Earths temperature to rise. Though predictions vary, many global warming experts believe that average global temperatures will rise between three and eight degrees Fahrenheit during the next century. Such an increase would cause an alarming rise in sea levels, displacing millions of people by destroying major population centers along the worlds coastlines. Which of the following is an assumption in support of the arguments conclusion? A- New technological developments in the next century will not divert rising seas from the worlds coastal cities. B-Individuals will not become more aware of the steps they can take to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. C-Rising sea levels similarly affect all coastal population centers. D-Some global warming experts predict a greater than eight degree Fahrenheit increase in global temperatures during the next century. E-Human activity is the sole cause of increasing global temperatures.
2 - since the new publisher took control, a news magazines covers have featured only models and movie stars. Previously, the covers had displayed only politicians, soldiers, and business leaders. A leading gossip columnist claimed that the changes made the magazine relevant again. However, many newspaper editorials disagreed and suggested that the new publisher is more interested in boosting sales than in reporting important news events. Which of the following is an assumption necessary for the argument made by the gossip columnists opponents? A- The charitable activities of models and movie stars often focus public attention on pressing problems. B- Final authority for choosing the cover subject of the magazine lies with the publisher. C- A magazine can boost sales while highlighting the coverage of important world leaders. D-Some of the movie stars featured are now running for political office. E- Magazine issues with models or movie stars on the covers are purchased at a rate more than three times greater than is the case with issues featuring politicians on the covers.
3 -For-profit colleges serve far fewer students than either public or private non-profit colleges. At the same time, relative to non-profit colleges, for-profit colleges draw a disproportionate share of federal and state financial aid, such as tuition grants and guaranteed loans, for their students. It must be, then, that for-profit colleges enroll a greater proportion of financially disadvantaged students than do non-profit colleges. The conclusion above depends on which of the following assumptions? A- Public non-profit colleges and private non-profit colleges enroll a similar proportion of financially disadvantaged students. B- For-profit colleges do not engage in fraudulent practices in helping their students obtain unneeded federal and state financial aid. C-The number of students receiving federal and state financial aid at for-profit colleges is greater than the number of students receiving federal and state financial aid at non-profit colleges. D-For-profit colleges are of similar educational quality as non-profit colleges. E-The majority of students at for-profit colleges do not default on repayment of their loans after they complete
1. I think option A is the proper assumption which can be taken for concluding that rising sea-level will be affecting major population of coastal areas. But I am cofused with option C as that also gives a promising assumption.
2. The answer should be option B because if final authority for choosing the cover subject is not the publisher then the conclusion will no more be true as it talks about the new publisher of the magazine.
3. My pick will be option D because if the quality of education is not same in for-profit and non-profit colleges and its well above the normal standards than for-profit colleges can justify there need of more grants and loans from government.
Here are my exlanations for the ones which I got right --
1.A government agency that reimburses its clients for bills they have paid for medical care has had this years budget cut. To save money without cutting reimbursements or otherwise harming clients financially, it plans to delay reimbursements to clients for forty days, thereby earning $180 million per year in interest on the reimbursement money. Which of the following, if true, is the best criticism of the agencys plan? (A) Hospitals and physicians typically hold patients responsible for the ultimate payment of their bills. (B) The agency cannot save money by cutting staff because it is already understaffed. (C) Some clients borrow money to pay their medical bills; they will pay forty extra days of interest on these loans. (D) Some clients pay their medical bills immediately, but they often take more than forty days to file with the agency for reimbursement. (E) The agencys budget was cut by more than $180 million last year.
Company is not cutting the reimbursements but delaying the same by 40 days, how can this be criticised ?
the only option which criticises this decision is that some of the clients who have borroowed money will have to give extra interest to the lenders for the extra 40 days so indirectly these clients are at disadvantage.
Option C should be the answer.
2.The president of a consulting firm analyzed the decisions made about marketing by her clients and concluded that the decisions were correct only about half of the time. The conclusion above depends on the presupposition that (A) companies can be successful even when about half of the decisions they make about marketing prove to be wrong (B) companies hiring her consulting firm make no more incorrect marketing decisions than do companies in general (C) executives consistently making correct marketing decisions rarely enlist the aid of a consulting firm (D) marketing decision are just as likely to be correct as they are to be incorrect (E) it is possible to classify a marketing decision properly as being either right or wrong
Half the decisions taken by company's marketing policy were wrong and half of them were correct when analyzed, what's the pre-supposition in this conclusion ?
The only relevant option is E that all the decisions can be weighed properly as whether they are correct.
Answer should be option E.
3.A violin constructed to have improved sound would sound different from the best-sounding existing violins. To professional violinists, a violin that sounds different from the best-sounding existing violins sounds less like a violin and therefore worse than the best-sounding existing violins. Professional violinists are the only accepted judges of the sound quality of violins. Would be the best supported by those statements? (A) Only amateur violinists should be asked to judge the sound quality of newly constructed violins. (B) Professional violinists supervise the construction of violins. (C) The best-sounding existing violins have been in existence fro several centuries. (D) It is currently impossible to construct a violin that the only accepted judges will evaluate as having improved sound. (E) It is possible to construct a violin that sounds better than the best-sounding existing violins to everyone but professional violinists.
Which stmt is best supported by all the mentioned statements ?
Option D clearly says that it is currently impossible to construct a violin that the only accepted judges will evaluate as having improved sound. option E also comes close but option D wins over it.
4.When people predict that certain result will not take place unless a certain action is taken, they believe that they have learned that the prediction is correct when the action is taken and the result occurs. On reflection, however, it often becomes clear that the result admits of more than one interpretation. Which of the following, if true, best supports the claims above? (A) Judging the success of an action requires specifying the goal of the action. (B) Judging which action to take after a prediction is made requires knowing about other actions that have been successful in similar past situations. (C) Learning whether a certain predictive strategy is good requires knowing the result using that strategy through several trials. (D) Distinguishing a correct prediction and effective action from an incorrect prediction and ineffective action is often impossible. (E) Making a successful prediction requires knowing the facts about the context of that prediction.
I thought the answer would be B
5. The fact that several of the largest senior citizens organizations are constituted almost exclusively of middle-class elderly people has led critics to question the seriousness of those organizations commitment to speaking out on behalf of the needs of economically disadvantaged elderly people. Which of the following generalizations, if true, would help to substantiate the criticism implicit in the statement above? (A) The ideology of an organization tends reflect the traditional political climate of its locale. (B) The needs of disadvantaged elderly people differ in some ways from those of other disadvantaged groups within contemporary society. (C) Organized groups are better able to publicize their problems and seek redress than individuals acting alone. (D) Middle-class elderly people are more likely to join organizations than are economically disadvantaged elderly people. (E) People usually join organizations whose purpose is to further the economic, political, or social interests of their members.
Most of the largest senior citizens organizations are constituted almost exclusively of middle-class elderly people, which of the generalized stmnt can substantiate the criticism favouring economically disadvantaged elderly people ?
Option E when true identifes the generalized thinking that people usually join organizations whose purpose is to further their economic, political, or social interests and hence disadvantaged elderly people are not getting the same treatment.
For the first question, which I thnk is very tricky - A - because if this diversion happens then coastal cities then the displacement of ppl by destruction of major population centers wil not happen. C - if they affect all places then acc to argument not only major pop centers but uninhabited land would also be affected, so it is not a req assumption B - It does not talk ab Ghouse gases, thats what we assume in question (got it wrong and marked B)
I am a new to this thread. I hope to get the good explanation of the following questions. OA will be send tommorrow.
Since the passage of the state's Clean Air Act ten years ago, the level of industrial pollutants in the air has fallen by an average of 18 percent. This suggests that the restrictions on industry embodied in the act have worked effectively. However, during the same period the state has also suffered through a period of economic decline. The number of businesses in the state has fallen by 10 percent, and the number of workers employed has fallen by 12 percent. It is probable that the business decline, rather than the regulations in the act, is responsible for at least half of the decline in the pollution.
1. Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion drawn in the passage above? (A) During the last ten years, economic conditions in the nation as a whole have been worse than those within the state. (B) Amendments to the Clean Air Act that were enacted six years ago have substantially strengthened its restrictions on industrial air pollution. (C) Of the businesses that ceased operating in the state during the last ten years, only 5 percent were engaged in air-polluting industries. (D) Several large corporations left the state during the last ten years partly in order to avoid compliance with the Clean Air Act. (E) Due to its small budget, the state office charged with enforcement of the Clean Air Act has prosecuted only two violators of the law since its passage.
2. A nutritionist studying the effects of massive doses of vitamin C found that of a group of 600 people who regularly took 1,500 mg of vitamin C daily for a year, fewer than 9 percent suffered serious cases of flu; of a group of 600 people who took 250 mg of vitamin C (the standard recommended daily allowance) daily for a year, 34 percent suffered at least one serious case of flu; and of a group of 600 people who took no vitamin C for a year (other than that found in the foods in a balanced diet), 32 percent suffered at least one serious case of flu. Which of the following hypotheses is best supported by the evidence above? (A) The effectiveness of vitamin C in preventing serious cases of flu increases in direct proportion to the amount of vitamin C taken. (B) Vitamin C is helpful in preventing disease. (C) Doses of vitamin C that exceed the standard recommended daily allowance by 500 percent will reduce the incidence of serious cases of flu by 25 percent. (D) Massive doses of vitamin C can help to prevent serious case of flu. (E) A balanced diet contains less than 250 mg of vitamin C.
3. Susan: Those who oppose experimentation on animals do not properly value the preservation of human life. Although animal suffering is unfortunate, it is justifiable if it can lead to cures for human ailments. Melvin: But much animal experimentation involves testing of ordinary consumer products such as soaps, dyes, and cosmetics. Susan: These experiments are justifiable on the same grounds, since cleanliness, convenience, and beauty are worthwhile human values deserving of support. Which of the following is the best statement of the logical flaw in Susan's argument? (A) Her claim that animal experimentation is justifiable if it supports human values contradicts her claim that such experimentation is justifiable only if it leads to cures for human ailments. (B) She places a higher value on human cleanliness, convenience, and beauty than she does on the preservation of animal life. (C) She uses the word "value" in two different senses. (D) She assumes that all ordinary consumer products aid in the preservation of human life. (E) She fails to show how mere support for human values actually preserves human lives.
4. We commonly speak of aesthetic judgments as subjective, and in the short term they are, since critics often disagree about the value of a particular contemporary work of art. But over time, the subjective element disappears. When works of art have continued to delight audiences for centuries, as have the paintings of Michelangelo, the music of Bach, and the plays of Shakespeare, we can objectively call them great. The statements above best support which of the following conclusions? (A) When Michelangelo, Bach, and Shakespeare were alive, critics disagreed about the value of their work. (B) The value of a contemporary work of art cannot be objectively measured. (C) The reputation of a work of art often fluctuates greatly from one generation to the next. (D) The mere fact that a work of art has endured for centuries does not establish its greatness. (E) If critics agree about the value of a particular cotemporary work of art, then the work can objectively be called great.
5. Since the 55-mile-per-hour speed limit was mandated on our highways, both money and human lives have been saved. All of the following, if true, would strengthen the claim above EXCEPT: (A) Most highway users find that travel times are not appreciably lengthened by the 55-mile-per-hour speed limit. (B) Highway driving at 55 miles per hour or less is more fuel-efficient than high-speed driving. (C) Nearly all highway safety experts agree that more accidents occur at speeds over 55 miles per hour than at lower speeds. (D) The percentage of fatalities occurring in highway accidents at speeds greater than 55 miles per hour is higher than that for low-speed accidents. (E) Automobiles last longer and require fewer repairs when driven at consistently lower speeds.
6. The city council will certainly vote to approve the new downtown redevelopment plan, despite the objections of environmentalists. After all, most of the campaign contributions received by members of the city council come from real estate development firms, which stand to benefit from the plan. Which of the following statements, if true, would most weaken the argument above? (A) Several members of the city council receive sizable campaign contributions from environmental lobbying groups. (B) Members of the city council are required to report the size and source of each campaign contribution they receive. (C) Not every real estate development firm in the city will be able to participate in, and profit from, the new downtown redevelopment plan. (D) The members of the city council have often voted in ways that are opposed to the interests of their campaign contributors. (E) Some environmentalists have stated that the new downtown redevelopment plan might be environmentally sound if certain minor modifications are made.
these are few more questions. hope u ve a good time.
1. A private bus company gained greater profits and provided bus service to the area at lower fares by running buses more frequently and stimulating greater ridership. Hoping to continue these financial trends, the company plans to replace all older buses with new, larger buses, including some double-decker buses,. The plan of the bus company as described above assumes all of the following EXCEPT (A) the demand for bus service in the company's area of service will increase in the future (B) increased efficiency and revenues will compensate for any new expenses the company incurs (C) the new buses will be sufficiently reliable to ensure the company a net financial gain once they are in place (D) driving the new buses will be no more difficult than driving the buses they are to replace (E) the larger, double-decker buses will not face obstacles such as height and weight restrictions in the bus company's area of service
2. A newly discovered disease is thought to be caused by a certain bacterium. However, recently released data notes that the bacterium thrives in the presence of a certain virus, implying that it is actually the virus that causes the new disease. Which of the following pieces of evidence would most support the data's implication? (A) In the absence of the virus, the disease has been observed to follow infection by the bacterium. (B) The virus has been shown to aid the growth of bacterium, a process which often leads to the onset of the disease. (C) The virus alone has been observed in many cases of the disease. (D) In cases where the disease does not develop, infection by the bacterium is usually preceded by infection by the virus. (E) Onset of the disease usually follows infection by both the virus and the bacterium.
3. Critics of sales seminars run by outside consultants point out that since 1987, revenues of vacuum cleaner companies whose employees attended consultant-led seminars were lower than revenues of vacuum cleaner companies whose employees did not attend such seminars. The critics charge that for vacuum cleaner companies, the sales seminars are ill conceived and a waste of money. Which of the following, if true, is the most effective challenge to the critics of sales seminars? (A) Those vacuum cleaner companies whose sales were highest prior to 1987 are the only companies that did not send employees to the seminars. (B) Vacuum cleaner companies that have sent employees to sales seminars since 1987 experienced a greater drop in sales than they had prior to 1987. (C) The cost of vacuum cleaner sales seminars run by outside consultants has risen dramatically since 1987. (D) The poor design of vacuum cleaner sales seminars is not the only reason for their ineffectiveness. (E) Since 1987, sales of vacuum cleaners have risen twenty percent.
4. Economies in which a high percentage of resources are invested in research and development show greater growth in the long run than do those in which resources are channeled into consumption. Japanese workers spend a higher percentage of their income investing in research and development than do American workers. To grow as fast as Japan has in the past three decades, the United States must change the tax code in order to encourage savings and investment and discourage debt. Which of the following, if true, tends to weaken the argument? (A) Japanese research is more focused on consumers than is research by American firms. (B) Class mobility, highly valued in American culture, is encouraged by a growing rather than a stagnant economy. (C) Studies have shown that countries with high consumption rates prosper in the short run. (D) Proposed changes to the tax code could involve strict limits on the deductability of interest, and increased allowance for research. (E) Because a decreasing percentage of the United States is under 40, an age when savings are traditionally low, the savings rate will increase without changes to the tax code.
My take:: Answers in bold 2. A nutritionist studying the effects of massive doses of vitamin C found that of a group of 600 people who regularly took 1,500 mg of vitamin C daily for a year, fewer than 9 percent suffered serious cases of flu; of a group of 600 people who took 250 mg of vitamin C (the standard recommended daily allowance) daily for a year, 34 percent suffered at least one serious case of flu; and of a group of 600 people who took no vitamin C for a year (other than that found in the foods in a balanced diet), 32 percent suffered at least one serious case of flu. Which of the following hypotheses is best supported by the evidence above? (A) The effectiveness of vitamin C in preventing serious cases of flu increases in direct proportion to the amount of vitamin C taken. (B) Vitamin C is helpful in preventing disease. (C) Doses of vitamin C that exceed the standard recommended daily allowance by 500 percent will reduce the incidence of serious cases of flu by 25 percent. (D) Massive doses of vitamin C can help to prevent serious case of flu. (E) A balanced diet contains less than 250 mg of vitamin C. 3. Susan: Those who oppose experimentation on animals do not properly value the preservation of human life. Although animal suffering is unfortunate, it is justifiable if it can lead to cures for human ailments. Melvin: But much animal experimentation involves testing of ordinary consumer products such as soaps, dyes, and cosmetics. Susan: These experiments are justifiable on the same grounds, since cleanliness, convenience, and beauty are worthwhile human values deserving of support. Which of the following is the best statement of the logical flaw in Susan's argument? (A) Her claim that animal experimentation is justifiable if it supports human values contradicts her claim that such experimentation is justifiable only if it leads to cures for human ailments. (B) She places a higher value on human cleanliness, convenience, and beauty than she does on the preservation of animal life. (C) She uses the word "value" in two different senses. (D) She assumes that all ordinary consumer products aid in the preservation of human life. (E) She fails to show how mere support for human values actually preserves human lives.
4. We commonly speak of aesthetic judgments as subjective, and in the short term they are, since critics often disagree about the value of a particular contemporary work of art. But over time, the subjective element disappears. When works of art have continued to delight audiences for centuries, as have the paintings of Michelangelo, the music of Bach, and the plays of Shakespeare, we can objectively call them great. The statements above best support which of the following conclusions? (A) When Michelangelo, Bach, and Shakespeare were alive, critics disagreed about the value of their work. (B) The value of a contemporary work of art cannot be objectively measured. (C) The reputation of a work of art often fluctuates greatly from one generation to the next. (D) The mere fact that a work of art has endured for centuries does not establish its greatness. (E) If critics agree about the value of a particular cotemporary work of art, then the work can objectively be called great. 5. Since the 55-mile-per-hour speed limit was mandated on our highways, both money and human lives have been saved. All of the following, if true, would strengthen the claim above EXCEPT, (A) Most highway users find that travel times are not appreciably lengthened by the 55-mile-per-hour speed limit. (B) Highway driving at 55 miles per hour or less is more fuel-efficient than high-speed driving. (C) Nearly all highway safety experts agree that more accidents occur at speeds over 55 miles per hour than at lower speeds. (D) The percentage of fatalities occurring in highway accidents at speeds greater than 55 miles per hour is higher than that for low-speed accidents. (E) Automobiles last longer and require fewer repairs when driven at consistently lower speeds. 6. The city council will certainly vote to approve the new downtown redevelopment plan, despite the objections of environmentalists. After all, most of the campaign contributions received by members of the city council come from real estate development firms, which stand to benefit from the plan. Which of the following statements, if true, would most weaken the argument above? (A) Several members of the city council receive sizable campaign contributions from environmental lobbying groups. (B) Members of the city council are required to report the size and source of each campaign contribution they receive. (C) Not every real estate development firm in the city will be able to participate in, and profit from, the new downtown redevelopment plan. (D) The members of the city council have often voted in ways that are opposed to the interests of their campaign contributors. (E) Some environmentalists have stated that the new downtown redevelopment plan might be environmentally sound if certain minor modifications are made.
can we have the passage for the first question please
well done, it will be better for other Pgites, if u can provide the reasoning also with your ansers.
My take:: Answers in bold 2. A nutritionist studying the effects of massive doses of vitamin C found that of a group of 600 people who regularly took 1,500 mg of vitamin C daily for a year, fewer than 9 percent suffered serious cases of flu; of a group of 600 people who took 250 mg of vitamin C (the standard recommended daily allowance) daily for a year, 34 percent suffered at least one serious case of flu; and of a group of 600 people who took no vitamin C for a year (other than that found in the foods in a balanced diet), 32 percent suffered at least one serious case of flu. Which of the following hypotheses is best supported by the evidence above? (A) The effectiveness of vitamin C in preventing serious cases of flu increases in direct proportion to the amount of vitamin C taken. (B) Vitamin C is helpful in preventing disease. (C) Doses of vitamin C that exceed the standard recommended daily allowance by 500 percent will reduce the incidence of serious cases of flu by 25 percent. (D) Massive doses of vitamin C can help to prevent serious case of flu. (E) A balanced diet contains less than 250 mg of vitamin C.
3. Susan: Those who oppose experimentation on animals do not properly value the preservation of human life. Although animal suffering is unfortunate, it is justifiable if it can lead to cures for human ailments. Melvin: But much animal experimentation involves testing of ordinary consumer products such as soaps, dyes, and cosmetics. Susan: These experiments are justifiable on the same grounds, since cleanliness, convenience, and beauty are worthwhile human values deserving of support. Which of the following is the best statement of the logical flaw in Susans argument? (A) Her claim that animal experimentation is justifiable if it supports human values contradicts her claim that such experimentation is justifiable only if it leads to cures for human ailments. (B) She places a higher value on human cleanliness, convenience, and beauty than she does on the preservation of animal life. (C) She uses the word value in two different senses. (D) She assumes that all ordinary consumer products aid in the preservation of human life. (E) She fails to show how mere support for human values actually preserves human lives.
4. We commonly speak of aesthetic judgments as subjective, and in the short term they are, since critics often disagree about the value of a particular contemporary work of art. But over time, the subjective element disappears. When works of art have continued to delight audiences for centuries, as have the paintings of Michelangelo, the music of Bach, and the plays of Shakespeare, we can objectively call them great. The statements above best support which of the following conclusions? (A) When Michelangelo, Bach, and Shakespeare were alive, critics disagreed about the value of their work. (B) The value of a contemporary work of art cannot be objectively measured. (C) The reputation of a work of art often fluctuates greatly from one generation to the next. (D) The mere fact that a work of art has endured for centuries does not establish its greatness. (E) If critics agree about the value of a particular cotemporary work of art, then the work can objectively be called great. 5. Since the 55-mile-per-hour speed limit was mandated on our highways, both money and human lives have been saved. All of the following, if true, would strengthen the claim above EXCEPT, (A) Most highway users find that travel times are not appreciably lengthened by the 55-mile-per-hour speed limit. (B) Highway driving at 55 miles per hour or less is more fuel-efficient than high-speed driving. (C) Nearly all highway safety experts agree that more accidents occur at speeds over 55 miles per hour than at lower speeds. (D) The percentage of fatalities occurring in highway accidents at speeds greater than 55 miles per hour is higher than that for low-speed accidents. (E) Automobiles last longer and require fewer repairs when driven at consistently lower speeds. 6. The city council will certainly vote to approve the new downtown redevelopment plan, despite the objections of environmentalists. After all, most of the campaign contributions received by members of the city council come from real estate development firms, which stand to benefit from the plan. Which of the following statements, if true, would most weaken the argument above? (A) Several members of the city council receive sizable campaign contributions from environmental lobbying groups. (B) Members of the city council are required to report the size and source of each campaign contribution they receive. (C) Not every real estate development firm in the city will be able to participate in, and profit from, the new downtown redevelopment plan. (D) The members of the city council have often voted in ways that are opposed to the interests of their campaign contributors. (E) Some environmentalists have stated that the new downtown redevelopment plan might be environmentally sound if certain minor modifications are made.
can we have the passage for the first question please
Companies in the country of Kollontay can sell semiconductors in the country of Valdivia at a price that is below the cost to Valdivian companies of producing them. To help those Valdivian companies, the Valdivian legislature plans to set a minimum selling price in Valdivia for semiconductors manufactured in Kollontay that is ten percent greater than the average production costs for companies in Valdivia.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously threatens the success of the plan?
(A) The annual rate of inflation in Kollontay is expected to exceed ten percent within the next year. (B) Valdivia is not the only country where companies in Kollontay currently sell semiconductors. (C) Some Valdivian companies that sell semiconductors have announced that they plan to decrease their price for semiconductors. (D) The government of Kollontoy will also set a minimum price for selling semiconductors in that country. (E) Emerging companies in countries other than Kollontay will still be able to sell semiconductors in Valdivia at a price below the cost to Valdivian companies to manufacture them. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ A public-service advertisement advises that people who have consumed alcohol should not drive until they can do so safely. In a hospital study, however, subjects questioned immediately after they consumed alcohol underestimated the time necessary to regain their driving ability. This result indicates that many people who drink before driving will have difficulty following the advertisements advice.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the argument above?
(A) Many people, if they plan to drink alcohol, make arrangements beforehand for a nondrinker to drive them home. (B) The subjects in the hospital study generally rated their abilities more conservatively than would people drinking alcohol outside a hospital setting. (C) Some people refrain from drinking if they will have to drive to get home afterward. (D) The subjects in the hospital study were also questioned about the time necessary to regain abilities that do not play an important role in driving safely. (E) Awareness of the public-service advertisement is higher among the general population than it was among the subjects in the hospital study. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Many consumers are concerned about the ecological effects of wasteful packaging. This concern probably explains why stores have been quick to stock new cleaning products that have been produced in a concentrated form. The concentrated form is packaged in smaller containers that use less plastic and require less transportation space.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the explanation offered above?
(A) Few consumers believe that containers of concentrated cleaning products are merely small packages of regular cleaning products. (B) The containers in which concentrated cleaning products are packaged are no harder to recycle than those in which regular cleaning products are packaged. (C) Those concentrated cleaning products that are intended to be used diluted have clear instructions for dilution printed on their labels. (D) The smaller containers of concentrated cleaning products enable supermarkets and drugstores to increase their revenues from a given shelf space. (E) Consumer pressure has led to the elimination of wasteful cardboard packaging that was used for compact discs.
