Damaged nerves in the spinal cord do not regenerate themselves naturally, nor even under the spur of nerve-growth stimulants. The reason, recently discovered, is the presence of nerve-growth inhibitors in the spinal cord. Antibodies that deactivate those inhibitors have now been developed. Clearly, then, nerve repair will be a standard medical procedure in the foreseeable future.
Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the accuracy of the prediction above?
(A) Prevention of the regeneration of damaged nerves is merely a by-product of the main function in the human body of the substances inhibiting nerve growth.
(B) Certain nerve-growth stimulants have similar chemical structures to those of the antibodies against nerve-growth inhibitors. what happens if they have similar structure,its not weakaning the prediction
(C) Nerves in the brain are similar to nerves in the spinal cord in their ability to regenerate themselves naturally. out of context
(D) Researchers have been able to stimulate the growth of nerves not located in the spinal cord by using only nerve-growth stimulants. may bethe nerves present else where may be acting in adifferent manner (E) Deactivating the substances inhibiting nerve growth for an extended period would require a steady supply of antibodies.
there is no where said that prelonged usage of antibodies is bad or some thing like taht
small community hospitals in poor urban areas almost always operate at a loss due to an unfortunate cycle of factors. High revenue specialists, such as surgeons, flock to hospitals that are more prestigious and can afford to pay higher salaries. Aware of this, local residents patronize the more affluent nearby hospitals when they need specialty care or forgo care entirely, while only utilizing the local hospital for low-margin routine care. Further, a significant majority of the community uses government health plans, which reimburse poorly for routine care, or lacks insurance entirely and cannot pay. The local hospital then loses money and cannot afford to hire specialists to conduct the higher-margin specialty care.
Which of the following, if it could be accomplished, would best help small community hospitals to break the pattern described above?
A. Negotiate higher reimbursement rates for specialty care with both government health plans and private insurers.
B. Advertise the hospital's specialty care services in the local community as well as nearby communities to attract more business.
c. Partner with a nearby affluent hospital to contract its specialists on a part-time, as-needed basis, which is more affordable than hiring these specialists full time.
d. Launch a community outreach campaign to educate the public about the low reimbursement rates of government health plans compared with the high rates paid by private insurers.
E. Negotiate with private insurers for higher reimbursement rates for routine care.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local authorities are considering an amendment to the litter law that would raise the fine for littering in the community picnic area to $1,000. Since the inception of the litter law, incremental increases in the littering fine have proven to be consistently effective at further reducing the amount of litter in the community picnic area. however, raising the fine to $1,000 would actually have the unintended effect of increasing the amount of litter in the picnic area. picnic area users would perceive this fine to be unreasonable and unenforceable, and would disregard the litter law altogether.
in the argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
A. The first is irrefutable evidence that the author offers in support of a prediction; the second is that prediction.
B. The first is a statement of causation that the author predicts will be repeated in the case at hand; the second raises evidence against this prediction.
C. The first is a statement of fact that the author accepts to be true; the second is presented as a consequence of this fact.
D. The first is evidence that weakens the main position that the author defends; the second is that position.
e. The first is a statement of causation that the author predicts will not hold in the case at hand; the second offers a line of reasoning to support this prediction.
Advocates of a large-scale space-defense research project conclude that it will represent a net benefit to civilian business. They say that since government-sponsored research will have civilian applications, civilian businesses will reap the rewards of government-developed technology. Each of the following, if true, raises a consideration arguing against the conclusion above, EXCEPT: (A) The development of cost-efficient manufacturing techniques is of the highest priority for civilian business and would be neglected for civilian business and would be neglected if resources go to military projects, which do not emphasize cost efficiency. (B) Scientific and engineering talent needed by civilian business will be absorbed by the large-scale project. (C) Many civilian businesses will receive subcontracts to provide materials and products needed by the research project. (D) If government research money is devoted to the space project, it will not be available for specifically targeted needs of civilian business, where it could be more efficiently used. (E) The increase in taxes or government debt needed to finance the project will severely reduce the vitality of the civilian economy.
Advocates of a large-scale space-defense research project conclude that it will represent a net benefit to civilian business. They say that since government-sponsored research will have civilian applications, civilian businesses will reap the rewards of government-developed technology. Each of the following, if true, raises a consideration arguing against the conclusion above, EXCEPT: (A) The development of cost-efficient manufacturing techniques is of the highest priority for civilian business and would be neglected for civilian business and would be neglected if resources go to military projects, which do not emphasize cost efficiency. (B) Scientific and engineering talent needed by civilian business will be absorbed by the large-scale project. (C) Many civilian businesses will receive subcontracts to provide materials and products needed by the research project. (D) If government research money is devoted to the space project, it will not be available for specifically targeted needs of civilian business, where it could be more efficiently used. (E) The increase in taxes or government debt needed to finance the project will severely reduce the vitality of the civilian economy.
IMO: C
Conclusion: Research Project benefits Civilian business. => Military projects help Civilian businesses. Question: Which one of the choices will NOT support AGAINST this conclusion. = > Which one of the choices SUPPORTS this conclusion.
A - cost effective manufac - important to civllian businesses get neglected. Military projects are not helping Civ projects. So, weakens. B- Talent goes to military projects, so impedes civ projects - Weakens C- Civ projects receive subcontracts, more mil proj, better for civ projects - Strengthens D - More money for Mil proj, less available for Civ proj - Weakens E - Inc in taxes for funding Mil Proj, burdens Civillians and impedes civ proj - Weakens
Conclusion: Research Project benefits Civilian business. => Military projects help Civilian businesses. Question: Which one of the choices will NOT support AGAINST this conclusion. = > Which one of the choices SUPPORTS this conclusion.
A - cost effective manufac - important to civllian businesses get neglected. Military projects are not helping Civ projects. So, weakens. B- Talent goes to military projects, so impedes civ projects - Weakens C- Civ projects receive subcontracts, more mil proj, better for civ projects - Strengthens D - More money for Mil proj, less available for Civ proj - Weakens E - Inc in taxes for funding Mil Proj, burdens Civillians and impedes civ proj - Weakens
Local authorities are considering an amendment to the litter law that would raise the fine for littering in the community picnic area to $1,000. Since the inception of the litter law, incremental increases in the littering fine have proven to be consistently effective at further reducing the amount of litter in the community picnic area. However, raising the fine to $1,000 would actually have the unintended effect of increasing the amount of litter in the picnic area. Picnic area users would perceive this fine to be unreasonable and unenforceable, and would disregard the litter law altogether.
In the argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
A. The first is irrefutable evidence that the author offers in support of a prediction; the second is that prediction.
B. The first is a statement of causation that the author predicts will be repeated in the case at hand; the second raises evidence against this prediction.
C. The first is a statement of fact that the author accepts to be true; the second is presented as a consequence of this fact.
D. The first is evidence that weakens the main position that the author defends; the second is that position.
E. The first is a statement of causation that the author predicts will not hold in the case at hand; the second offers a line of reasoning to support this prediction.
missiong Says
explanations for the second one please.
OA - E The author concludes that raising the fine to $1,000 would have the unintended effect of increasing the amount of litter in the picnic area. When determining the function of the two bold statements, we must consider how they relate to this conclusion: the first bold portion weighs against the conclusion, while the second bold portion supports the conclusion. The correct answer will represent these relationships.
(A) The "prediction" mentioned here refers to the author's conclusion (raising the fine to $1,000 would increase the amount of litter). This answer choice incorrectly states that the first bold portion supports this conclusion. Also, this choice incorrectly states that the second bold statement is the prediction, or conclusion.
(B) This choice incorrectly states that the author's prediction, or conclusion, is consistent with the first bold statement when in fact it predicts the exact opposite outcome. Further, this answer states that the second bold portion weighs against the author's conclusion when in fact it supports the conclusion.
(C) The second bold portion does not come as a consequence of the first. In fact, the two bold portions are in complete contrast to one another.
(D) The second bold portion is not the main position that the author defends. The main position is that raising the fine to $1,000 would increase the amount of litter in the picnic area.
(E) CORRECT. This answer choice correctly identifies the first bold portion as a statement of causation that does not support the author's claim, and the second bold statement as a line of logic that does support this claim.
Advocates of a large-scale space-defense research project conclude that it will represent a net benefit to civilian business. They say that since government-sponsored research will have civilian applications, civilian businesses will reap the rewards of government-developed technology. Each of the following, if true, raises a consideration arguing against the conclusion above, EXCEPT: (A) The development of cost-efficient manufacturing techniques is of the highest priority for civilian business and would be neglected for civilian business and would be neglected if resources go to military projects, which do not emphasize cost efficiency. (B) Scientific and engineering talent needed by civilian business will be absorbed by the large-scale project. (C) Many civilian businesses will receive subcontracts to provide materials and products needed by the research project. (D) If government research money is devoted to the space project, it will not be available for specifically targeted needs of civilian business, where it could be more efficiently used. (E) The increase in taxes or government debt needed to finance the project will severely reduce the vitality of the civilian economy.
All of the options weaken the conclusion , except C..
United States hospitals have traditionally relied primarily on revenues from paying patients to offset losses from unreimbursed care. Almost all paying patients now rely on governmental or private health insurance to pay hospital bills. Recently, insurers have been strictly limiting what they pay hospitals for the care of insured patients to amounts at or below actual costs.
Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the information above? (A) Although the advance of technology has made expensive medical procedures available to the wealthy, such procedures are out of the reach of low-income patients. (B) If hospitals do not find ways to raising additional income for unreimbursed care, they must either deny some of that care of suffer losses if they give it. (C) Some patients have incomes too high for eligibility for governmental health insurance but are unable to afford private insurance for hospital care. (D) If the hospitals reduce their costs in providing care, insurance companies will maintain the current level of reimbursement, thereby providing more funds for unreimbursed care. (E) Even though philanthropic donations have traditionally provided some support for the hospitals, such donations are at present declining.
Premise: Recently, insurers have been strictly limiting what they pay hospitals for the care of insured patients to amounts at or below actual costs. Meaning: Insurers were easy on payments sometime back..
Premise: United States hospitals have traditionally relied primarily on revenues from paying patients to offset losses from unreimbursed care. Almost all paying patients now rely on governmental or private health insurance to pay hospital bills. Meaning: the costs are too high to be taken care by individuals.. means cost of medical care has been raised..
Conclusion: Insurers will comply with the liniency only if the medical costs are not making hole in their pockets... so medical procedures must cost lesser..
United States hospitals have traditionally relied primarily on revenues from paying patients to offset losses from unreimbursed care. Almost all paying patients now rely on governmental or private health insurance to pay hospital bills. Recently, insurers have been strictly limiting what they pay hospitals for the care of insured patients to amounts at or below actual costs. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the information above? (A) Although the advance of technology has made expensive medical procedures available to the wealthy, such procedures are out of the reach of low-income patients. (B) If hospitals do not find ways to raising additional income for unreimbursed care, they must either deny some of that care of suffer losses if they give it. (C) Some patients have incomes too high for eligibility for governmental health insurance but are unable to afford private insurance for hospital care. (D) If the hospitals reduce their costs in providing care, insurance companies will maintain the current level of reimbursement, thereby providing more funds for unreimbursed care. (E) Even though philanthropic donations have traditionally provided some support for the hospitals, such donations are at present declining.
IMO B....only this seems to be relevant wrt the passage.
United States hospitals have traditionally relied primarily on revenues from paying patients to offset losses from unreimbursed care. Almost all paying patients now rely on governmental or private health insurance to pay hospital bills. Recently, insurers have been strictly limiting what they pay hospitals for the care of insured patients to amounts at or below actual costs. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the information above? (A) Although the advance of technology has made expensive medical procedures available to the wealthy, such procedures are out of the reach of low-income patients. (B) If hospitals do not find ways to raising additional income for unreimbursed care, they must either deny some of that care of suffer losses if they give it. (C) Some patients have incomes too high for eligibility for governmental health insurance but are unable to afford private insurance for hospital care. (D) If the hospitals reduce their costs in providing care, insurance companies will maintain the current level of reimbursement, thereby providing more funds for unreimbursed care. (E) Even though philanthropic donations have traditionally provided some support for the hospitals, such donations are at present declining.
Some of the greatest American entrepreneurs of the 20th century started their business ventures while they were still in college, and could not complete their education as a result. It is possible that had they started their businesses any later, they would not have been as successful. From the above two statements, it can only be proven that (A) sometimes, it can be worthwhile to sacrifice an immediate gain for a larger benefit. (B) education is not always useful. (3) it pays not to complete an education. (D) entrepreneurs who start their ventures after completing their education are not as successful as those who start off while still in college. (E) you do not have to be educated to be an entrepreneur.
All computers manufactured after 1998 have a minimum processing speed of 400 MHz. My computer has a processing speed of 399 MHz. Which of the following can definitely NOT be concluded from the above statements? I) My computer was definitely manufactured after 1998. II) My computer may have been manufactured in 1998. III) If it had been manufactured a year later, my computer would have had a faster processing speed. (A) I only (B) II only (3) III only (D) I and III only (E) II and III only
All computers manufactured after 1998 have a minimum processing speed of 400 MHz. My computer has a processing speed of 399 MHz. Which of the following can definitely NOT be concluded from the above statements? I) My computer was definitely manufactured after 1998. II) My computer may have been manufactured in 1998. III) If it had been manufactured a year later, my computer would have had a faster processing speed. (A) I only (B) II only (3) III only (D) I and III only (E) II and III only
IMO D.
As computers processing speed is 399, we can conclude that it was manufactured before/in 1998.
Definitely we are not sure when it was manufactured. So statement 1 can not be concluded. Lets say it was manufactured in 1997, then statement 3 is wrong. If we say it was manufactured in 1998, statement 3 is right.
According to a study by the Human Resources Ministry, between 1950 and 1980, the number of beggars in India continued to increase but at a rate lower than that of the Indian population. Which of the following statements directly contradicts the information above? (A) The number of beggars in the general population increased slightly in the thirty year period between 1950 and 1980. (B) The proportion of beggars in the Indians below the poverty line remained constant over the thirty year period. (3) The rate of increase in the number of people below the poverty line was more than the rate of growth of the general population over the thirty year period. (D) The proportion of beggars in the general population increased from 22% in 1950 to 26% in 1980. (E) The ratio of beggars in the total population of India was half as much as the ratio of the unemployed in the general population of the country.
As the number of beggers continued to increase but at a rate lower than that of the population it means there are fewer number of beggers in 1980. And if we see the increase in proportion from 22 to 26 it mean the number of beggers are increasing and hence contradits the statement.
OA please
According to a study by the Human Resources Ministry, between 1950 and 1980, the number of beggars in India continued to increase but at a rate lower than that of the Indian population. Which of the following statements directly contradicts the information above? (A) The number of beggars in the general population increased slightly in the thirty year period between 1950 and 1980. (B) The proportion of beggars in the Indians below the poverty line remained constant over the thirty year period. (3) The rate of increase in the number of people below the poverty line was more than the rate of growth of the general population over the thirty year period. (D) The proportion of beggars in the general population increased from 22% in 1950 to 26% in 1980. (E) The ratio of beggars in the total population of India was half as much as the ratio of the unemployed in the general population of the country.
I cannot be concluded because the speed was 399 and hence was manufatured in or before 1998
III Cannot be concluded because the year of manufature is not mentioned and the year can be anything less than or same as 1998.
Plz try this one too
All computers manufactured after 1998 have a minimum processing speed of 400 MHz. My computer has a processing speed of 399 MHz. Which of the following can definitely NOT be concluded from the above statements? I) My computer was definitely manufactured after 1998. II) My computer may have been manufactured in 1998. III) If it had been manufactured a year later, my computer would have had a faster processing speed. (A) I only (B) II only (3) III only (D) I and III only (E) II and III only
United States hospitals have traditionally relied primarily on revenues from paying patients to offset losses from unreimbursed care. Almost all paying patients now rely on governmental or private health insurance to pay hospital bills. Recently, insurers have been strictly limiting what they pay hospitals for the care of insured patients to amounts at or below actual costs. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the information above? (A) Although the advance of technology has made expensive medical procedures available to the wealthy, such procedures are out of the reach of low-income patients. (B) If hospitals do not find ways to raising additional income for unreimbursed care, they must either deny some of that care of suffer losses if they give it. (C) Some patients have incomes too high for eligibility for governmental health insurance but are unable to afford private insurance for hospital care. (D) If the hospitals reduce their costs in providing care, insurance companies will maintain the current level of reimbursement, thereby providing more funds for unreimbursed care. (E) Even though philanthropic donations have traditionally provided some support for the hospitals, such donations are at present declining.
I would have marked option D
Premise: Recently, insurers have been strictly limiting what they pay hospitals for the care of insured patients to amounts at or below actual costs. Meaning: Insurers were easy on payments sometime back..
Premise: United States hospitals have traditionally relied primarily on revenues from paying patients to offset losses from unreimbursed care. Almost all paying patients now rely on governmental or private health insurance to pay hospital bills. Meaning: the costs are too high to be taken care by individuals.. means cost of medical care has been raised..
Conclusion: Insurers will comply with the liniency only if the medical costs are not making hole in their pockets... so medical procedures must cost lesser..