We have heard a good deal in recent years about the declining importance of the two major political parties. It is the mass media, we are told, that decide the outcome of elections, not the power of the parties. But it is worth noting that no independent or third-party candidate has won any important election in recent years, and in the last nationwide campaign, the two major parties raised and spent more money than ever before in support of their candidates and platforms. It seems clear that reports of the imminent demise of the two-party system are premature at best. 1. Which of the following is an assumption made in the argument above? (A) The amount of money raised and spent by a political party is one valid criterion for judging the influence of the party. (B) A significant increase in the number of third-party candidates would be evidence of a decline in the importance of the two major parties. (C) The two-party system has contributed significantly to the stability of the American political structure. (D) The mass media tend to favor an independent or third-party candidate over a candidate from one of the two major parties. (E) The mass media are relatively unimportant in deciding the outcome of most elections. ??? Answer with a justifiable explanation.....
IMO option A
E, D and C are irrelevant to the argument B is uncalled for as it compares increase in number to importance, which is total crap
that leaves us with A, which is a reasonable assumption to make !!
A confusing one, plz post your answers with detailed solution:
In Patton City, days are categorized as having heavy rainfall (more than two inches),moderate rainfall (more than one inch, but no more than two inches), light rainfall (atleast a trace, but no more than one inch), or no rainfall. In 1990, there were fewer days with light rainfall than in 1910 and fewer with moderate rainfall, yet total rainfall for the year was 20 percent higher in 1990 than in 1910. If the statements above are true, then it is also possible that in Patton City A. the number of days with heavy rainfall was lower in 1990 than in 1910 B. the number of days with some rainfall, but no more than two inches, was the same in 1990 as in 1910 C. the number of days with some rainfall, but no more than two inches, was higher in 1990 than in 1910 D. the total number of inches of rain that fell on days with moderate rainfall in 1990 was more than twice what it had been in 1910 E. the average amount of rainfall per month was lower in 1990 than in 1910
A) Nothing stated in Q. b) Its give in Q that light and moderate rainfall is less in 1990. So, rejected. c) rejected on exactly same lines as B. d) can be the answer. hold on with this e) If amount of rainfall per month is less in 1990, then it cannot have overall high % of rainfall.
Now check D: It means --- days when rainfall occurs it occurs much more in 1990 than in 1910. Example, rainfall on a particular day in 1910 occurred 1.1 inch and in 1990 it occurred 1.99 inch. Both are in same range but still in 1990 more rain had occurred.. So, IMO = D
A confusing one, plz post your answers with detailed solution:
In Patton City, days are categorized as having heavy rainfall (more than two inches),moderate rainfall (more than one inch, but no more than two inches), light rainfall (atleast a trace, but no more than one inch), or no rainfall. In 1990, there were fewer days with light rainfall than in 1910 and fewer with moderate rainfall, yet total rainfall for the year was 20 percent higher in 1990 than in 1910. If the statements above are true, then it is also possible that in Patton City A. the number of days with heavy rainfall was lower in 1990 than in 1910 B. the number of days with some rainfall, but no more than two inches, was the same in 1990 as in 1910 C. the number of days with some rainfall, but no more than two inches, was higher in 1990 than in 1910 D. the total number of inches of rain that fell on days with moderate rainfall in 1990 was more than twice what it had been in 1910 E. the average amount of rainfall per month was lower in 1990 than in 1910
Educator: Like many other difficult pursuits, music requires intense study and practice from an early age in order for one to become proficient. But many school music programs encourage only children who demonstrate early aptitude to continue studying music, while children who do not appear especially musical are directed towards other activities. Having learned to think of themselves as musically inept, these children do not devote any time to music, and thus some of them deprive themselves of the opportunity to develop latent but potentially significant musical talent.
The educator's statements, if true, would best support which of the following conclusions?
A) Music education should not devote special attention to talented students. B) Everyone has the potential to learn music. C) The number of proficient adult musicians is less than it could be. D) Children are particularly sensitive to criticism from adults. E) All children should study music.
Another one.. Sales at a local sandwich shop have been declining steadily since a health food restaurant opened its doors for business on the same block three months ago. The owner of the sandwich shop concludes that the best way to raise sales back to prior levels is to offer special sandwich prices that compete with the low prices at the health food restaurant.
Which of the following assumptions helps to justify the owners conclusion?
A) Local consumers prefer the food at the sandwich shop to the food at the health food restaurant. B) Sales at the sandwich shop reached an all-time high six months ago. C) The sandwich shops prices are currently higher than those of a similar shop located in a neighboring town. D) The sandwich shop does not currently offer any healthful food items. E) The health food restaurant is running its special prices as a temporary promotion and will be raising its prices at the end of the year.
Generally scientists enter their field with the goal of doing important new reseacrh and accept as their colleagues those with similar motivation. Therefore, when any scientists wins renown as an expounder of science to general audiences, most other scientists conclude that this popularizer should no longer be regarded as a true colleague.
The explanation offered above for the low esteem in which scientific popularizers are held by research scientists assumes that
a.) Serious scientific research is not a solitary activity, but relies on active cooperation amoing a group of colleagues
b.) Research scientists tend not to regard as colleagues those scientists whose renown they envy
c.) a scientist can become a famous popularizer without having completed any important research
d.) research scientists believe that those who are well known as popularizers of science are not motivated to do important new research
e.) no important new research can be accessible to or accurately assessed by those who are not themselves scientists
Please explain and rate difficulty from 1-5. Will post OA within 12 hours. Thanks guys
Generally scientists enter their field with the goal of doing important new reseacrh and accept as their colleagues those with similar motivation. Therefore, when any scientists wins renown as an expounder of science to general audiences, most other scientists conclude that this popularizer should no longer be regarded as a true colleague.
The explanation offered above for the low esteem in which scientific popularizers are held by research scientists assumes that
a.) Serious scientific research is not a solitary activity, but relies on active cooperation amoing a group of colleagues
b.) Research scientists tend not to regard as colleagues those scientists whose renown they envy
c.) a scientist can become a famous popularizer without having completed any important research
d.) research scientists believe that those who are well known as popularizers of science are not motivated to do important new research
e.) no important new research can be accessible to or accurately assessed by those who are not themselves scientists
Please explain and rate difficulty from 1-5. Will post OA within 12 hours. Thanks guys
Answer is D cause the argument says that the scientists who enter the field all have same motivation. And when one scientist gets popular and other scientists conclude that he is not a true collegauae is based only on the assumption that they now have different motivation from the one who got popularized.
Educator: Like many other difficult pursuits, music requires intense study and practice from an early age in order for one to become proficient. But many school music programs encourage only children who demonstrate early aptitude to continue studying music, while children who do not appear especially musical are directed towards other activities. Having learned to think of themselves as musically inept, these children do not devote any time to music, and thus some of them deprive themselves of the opportunity to develop latent but potentially significant musical talent.
The educator's statements, if true, would best support which of the following conclusions?
A) Music education should not devote special attention to talented students.: kind of weakens the statement rather than supporting.
B) Everyone has the potential to learn music.: we are not concernced with who all have the potential to learn music,and acc to argument only those ppl have potential to learn music who started learning at very early age.
C) The number of proficient adult musicians is less than it could be.:supports cause the argument points two things 1) ppl who started praticing at very early age can be proficient and 2) even out of these students few ppl don't practice so number of proficient adult musicians would be less than it oculd have been.
D) Children are particularly sensitive to criticism from adults.: Irrelevant to the context of discussion.
E) All children should study music.: explanation same as B. Please Explain!!!!
Answer is C.
Another one.. Sales at a local sandwich shop have been declining steadily since a health food restaurant opened its doors for business on the same block three months ago. The owner of the sandwich shop concludes that the best way to raise sales back to prior levels is to offer special sandwich prices that compete with the low prices at the health food restaurant.
Which of the following assumptions helps to justify the owners conclusion?
A) Local consumers prefer the food at the sandwich shop to the food at the health food restaurant.: if local consumer prefers the food at the sandwich shop to the food at health food restaurant then why in 1st place ppl would go to health food restro and not to the sanwich shop?
B) Sales at the sandwich shop reached an all-time high six months ago.: six months ago the health food restro wasn't there so with respect to this why would the sandwich shop want to keep upto the level of restro, when restro is not there?
C) The sandwich shops prices are currently higher than those of a similar shop located in a neighboring town.: we are not concernced about shops in neighboring town.
D) The sandwich shop does not currently offer any healthful food items.: since the sandwich shop does not offer what health food restro does so to compete the sandwich shop has concluded the above.
E) The health food restaurant is running its special prices as a temporary promotion and will be raising its prices at the end of the year.: if the health food restro is running for promotion then after a while the prices would be similar to those of the sandwich shop then there won't be any competition b/w both.
Few questions which took me hell lot of a time and are still beyond my scope of comprehension. I shall be glad if someone could help me explain them in detail.
Current farm policy is institutionalized penalization of consumers. It increases food prices for middle- and low-income families and costs the taxpayer billions of dollars a year. Which of the following statements, if true, would provide support for the authors claims above? I. Farm subsidies amount to roughly $20 billion a year in federal payouts and $12 billion more in higher food prices. II. According to a study by the Department of Agriculture, each $1 of benefits provided to farmers for ethanol production costs consumers and taxpayers $4. III. The average full-time farmers have an average net worth of over $300,000. (A) I only (B) II only (C) III only (D) I and II only (E) I, II, and III
Option C
With Proposition 13, if you bought your house 11 years ago for $75,000, your property tax would be approximately $914 a year (1 percent of $75,000 increased by 2 percent each year for 11 years); and if your neighbor bought an identical house next door to you for $200,000 this year, his tax would be $2,000 (1 percent of $200,000). Without Proposition 13, both you and your neighbor would pay $6,000 a year in property taxes (3 percent of $200,000). Which of the following is the conclusion for which the author most likely is arguing in the passage above? (A) Proposition 13 is unconstitutional because it imposes an unequal tax on properties of equal value. (B) If Proposition 13 is repealed, every homeowner is likely to experience a substantial increase in property taxes. (C) By preventing inflation from driving up property values, Proposition 13 has saved homeowners thousands of dollars in property taxes. (D) If Proposition 13 is not repealed, identical properties will continue to be taxed at different rates.
Option D
PS: Please post the OA for this as i am still building up my concepts in CRs and not sure of my answers
Another one.. Sales at a local sandwich shop have been declining steadily since a health food restaurant opened its doors for business on the same block three months ago. The owner of the sandwich shop concludes that the best way to raise sales back to prior levels is to offer special sandwich prices that compete with the low prices at the health food restaurant.
Which of the following assumptions helps to justify the owners conclusion?
A) Local consumers prefer the food at the sandwich shop to the food at the health food restaurant. B) Sales at the sandwich shop reached an all-time high six months ago. C) The sandwich shops prices are currently higher than those of a similar shop located in a neighboring town. D) The sandwich shop does not currently offer any healthful food items. E) The health food restaurant is running its special prices as a temporary promotion and will be raising its prices at the end of the year.
Please expain...
IMO:A
sandwich shop owner:
lower the price --> will raise the sales.
if we negate option A:
consumers prefer food at health food shop than at sandwich shop.
Few questions which took me hell lot of a time and are still beyond my scope of comprehension. I shall be glad if someone could help me explain them in detail.
With Proposition 13, if you bought your house 11 years ago for $75,000, your property tax would be approximately $914 a year (1 percent of $75,000 increased by 2 percent each year for 11 years); and if your neighbor bought an identical house next door to you for $200,000 this year, his tax would be $2,000 (1 percent of $200,000). Without Proposition 13, both you and your neighbor would pay $6,000 a year in property taxes (3 percent of $200,000). Which of the following is the conclusion for which the author most likely is arguing in the passage above? (A) Proposition 13 is unconstitutional because it imposes an unequal tax on properties of equal value. saying Prop 13 is unconstitutional will be very blunt. We can not say this just by few lines that describe about prop 13. (B) If Proposition 13 is repealed, every homeowner is likely to experience a substantial increase in property taxes. Stimulus has given two condition - with prop 13 and without it. So, It's quite clear ton conclude. (C) By preventing inflation from driving up property values, Proposition 13 has saved homeowners thousands of dollars in property taxes. INFLATION - this has not touched in the stimulus. (D) If Proposition 13 is not repealed, identical properties will continue to be taxed at different rates. the author did not say anything about identical properties, also its not clear whether two properties were identical. Also identical in what sense?
Here is the expanation in the book:- The sandwich shop owner concludes that making his prices more competitive with the health food restaurants prices is the best way to counteract his declining sales. Since the validity of this conclusion depends on the assumption that pricing is the root cause of the declining sales, an assumption that explicitly defines the relationship between price and sales, or an assumption that eliminates an alternate cause for the declining sales, will help justify the owners logic.
(A) CORRECT. This assumption eliminates the possibility that the sandwich shop is losing business because people actually prefer the food at the health food restaurant to the food at the sandwich shop. This gives more credibility to the argument that the decline in sales is a result of pricing.
(B) Sales records from six months ago fail to provide any significant information about the relationship between price and the current decline in sales.
(C) While this could possibly provide evidence that the sandwich shops prices are higher than normal, it doesnt prove a connection between price and the recent decline in sales. Also, the neighboring town could have its own set of market factors that are completely different from the factors affecting sales in the owners market.
(D) Rather than eliminating an alternate cause for the decline in sales, this could possibly offer an alternate cause. If the sandwich shop does not offer healthful food items, consumers may be opting for the healthier restaurant next door. This would certainly weaken the owners conclusion, not justify it.
(E) This information fails to establish a relationship between the owners pricing and the decline in sales.
Thank you Neha for the last question and explanation.
please try this one guys~
Often patients with ankle fractures that are stable, and thus do not require surgery, are given follow up x-rays because their orthopedists are concerned about possibly having misjudged the stability of the fracture. Wwhen a number of follow up x rays were reviewed, however, all the fractures that had initially been judged stable were found to have healed correctly. Therefore, it is a waste of money to order follow up x rays of ankle fractures initially judged stable.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
a.) Doctors who are generally practitioners rather than orthopedists are less likely than orthopedists to judge the stability of an ankle fracture correctly.
b.) Many ankle injuries for which an initial xray is ordered are revealed by the xray not to involve any fracture of the ankle.
c.) Xrays of patients of many different orthopedists working in several hospitals were reviewed.
d.) The healing of ankle fractures that have been surgically repaired is always checked by means of a follow up xray.
e.) Orthopedists routinely order follow up xrays for fractures of bones other than ankle bones.
As always, will come back with the OA soon. Please give it a shot guys.
Often patients with ankle fractures that are stable, and thus do not require surgery, are given follow up x-rays because their orthopedists are concerned about possibly having misjudged the stability of the fracture. Wwhen a number of follow up x rays were reviewed, however, all the fractures that had initially been judged stable were found to have healed correctly. Therefore, it is a waste of money to order follow up x rays of ankle fractures initially judged stable.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
a.) Doctors who are generally practitioners rather than orthopedists are less likely than orthopedists to judge the stability of an ankle fracture correctly.
b.) Many ankle injuries for which an initial xray is ordered are revealed by the xray not to involve any fracture of the ankle.
c.) Xrays of patients of many different orthopedists working in several hospitals were reviewed.
d.) The healing of ankle fractures that have been surgically repaired is always checked by means of a follow up xray.
e.) Orthopedists routinely order follow up xrays for fractures of bones other than ankle bones.
As always, will come back with the OA soon. Please give it a shot guys.
Thank you Neha for the last question and explanation.
please try this one guys~
Often patients with ankle fractures that are stable, and thus do not require surgery, are given follow up x-rays because their orthopedists are concerned about possibly having misjudged the stability of the fracture. Wwhen a number of follow up x rays were reviewed, however, all the fractures that had initially been judged stable were found to have healed correctly. Therefore, it is a waste of money to order follow up x rays of ankle fractures initially judged stable.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
a.) Doctors who are generally practitioners rather than orthopedists are less likely than orthopedists to judge the stability of an ankle fracture correctly.
b.) Many ankle injuries for which an initial xray is ordered are revealed by the xray not to involve any fracture of the ankle.
c.) Xrays of patients of many different orthopedists working in several hospitals were reviewed.
d.) The healing of ankle fractures that have been surgically repaired is always checked by means of a follow up xray.
e.) Orthopedists routinely order follow up xrays for fractures of bones other than ankle bones.
As always, will come back with the OA soon. Please give it a shot guys.
My take : Option E :--> this is the most suitable option. Option B is redundant as its re-iterating what is already mentioned in the passage. all the other options are not worth considering.
Another one.. Sales at a local sandwich shop have been declining steadily since a health food restaurant opened its doors for business on the same block three months ago. The owner of the sandwich shop concludes that the best way to raise sales back to prior levels is to offer special sandwich prices that compete with the low prices at the health food restaurant.
Which of the following assumptions helps to justify the owners conclusion?
A) Local consumers prefer the food at the sandwich shop to the food at the health food restaurant. B) Sales at the sandwich shop reached an all-time high six months ago. C) The sandwich shops prices are currently higher than those of a similar shop located in a neighboring town. D) The sandwich shop does not currently offer any healthful food items. E) The health food restaurant is running its special prices as a temporary promotion and will be raising its prices at the end of the year.
Please expain...
IMO the answer is E
Let me explain A- Preference of local customers is beyond the scope B- Sales trends is not what we are looking at...irrelevant C- Shops prices are not the area of focus D- Too extreme and does not have any indication of sandwich shop having or not having healthy items E- Reasonable assumption to make, because once the health food restaurant is done with its temporary promotional event, and the customers find that the price of the sandwich shop is lower, they will move back to the sandwich shop, thus increasing their sales. If they price is not reduced, there is a higher chance of the customers sticking with the healthy food restaurant.
Answer is E. Rest of the options doesn't make sense to me.
Thank you Neha for the last question and explanation.
please try this one guys~
Often patients with ankle fractures that are stable, and thus do not require surgery, are given follow up x-rays because their orthopedists are concerned about possibly having misjudged the stability of the fracture. Wwhen a number of follow up x rays were reviewed, however, all the fractures that had initially been judged stable were found to have healed correctly. Therefore, it is a waste of money to order follow up x rays of ankle fractures initially judged stable.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
a.) Doctors who are generally practitioners rather than orthopedists are less likely than orthopedists to judge the stability of an ankle fracture correctly.
b.) Many ankle injuries for which an initial xray is ordered are revealed by the xray not to involve any fracture of the ankle.
c.) Xrays of patients of many different orthopedists working in several hospitals were reviewed.
d.) The healing of ankle fractures that have been surgically repaired is always checked by means of a follow up xray.
e.) Orthopedists routinely order follow up xrays for fractures of bones other than ankle bones.
As always, will come back with the OA soon. Please give it a shot guys.