GMAT Critical Reasoning Discussions

Guys try this one,

Ernesto: Sales of VCR'svideocassetterecorders will decline in the next few years because the saturation level among U.S. households has virtually been reached.

Milton: Every year a greater number of popular feature films is released on cassette at least 6 per month. Clearly VCR sales will remain constant, if not rise.



I will go with option C for the above CR
Another one, this is from an old post. Please include explanations of ur answer also

Q6:Belukian waters began declining; in 1996, despite there being no reduction in the level of
legal lobster fishing activity, the local catch was 9,000 tons below pre-1992 levels. It is
therefore highly likely that the outlaw fishing boats harvested about 9,000 tons of lobster
illegally that year.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A. The illegal lobster harvesting was not so extensive that the population of
catchable lobsters in Belukias territorial waters had sharply declined by 1996.

B. The average annual lobster catch, in tons, of an outlaw fishing boat has increased steadily since 1992.

C. Outlaw fishing boats do not, as a group, harvest more lobsters than do licensed lobster-fishing boats.

D. The annual legal lobster harvest in Belukia in 1996 was not significantly less than 9,000 tons.

E. A significant proportion of Belukias operators of licensed lobster-fishing boats went out of business between 1992 and 1996.


Between "B" and "E" --- i go for "B"

because in B illegal harvesting as increased steadily from 1992 in "E" same thing is said indirectly and is not apt.
IMO E.

A,B and C are easy to eliminate. Now between D and E i will eliminate D because we are not sure about the time after which the window catches dirt again.

Please post the OA along with OE.

Try this :

It takes 4 weeks for 5 professional window washers working regular full-time hours to properly clean every window of the Empire State Building. The buildings owner demands that all the windows must always be clean. Yet even if the 5 washers work consistently throughout their regular work week, they will not be able to finish cleaning all the windows before some windows will again need cleaning.

It can be correctly inferred on the basis of the statements above that which of the following must be true?

A) If an Empire State Building window is to be kept clean, it must be cleaned by a professional window cleaner.

B) The owners demand for proper cleaning of all the windows will never be fulfilled.

C) If a team of 5 window washers cleans all the Empire State Buildings windows in less than 4 weeks, some of the windows will not be properly cleaned.

D) In order to ensure that all of the Empire State Buildings windows are clean, the owner must have his window washers work overtime.

E) Some Empire State Building windows must be cleaned more frequently than once every four weeks if they are to be kept clean.


-Deepak.

IMO C.What is the OA?
Guys try this one,

Ernesto: Sales of VCR'svideocassetterecorders will decline in the next few years because the saturation level among U.S. households has virtually been reached.

Milton: Every year a greater number of popular feature films is released on cassette at least 6 per month. Clearly VCR sales will remain constant, if not rise.

Which of the following is the best logical evaluation of Milton's response to Ernesto's argument?

A. He cites evidence that, if true, disproves the evidence cited by Ernesto in drawing his conclusion.
B. He points out a gap in the logic followed by Ernesto in drawing his conclusion.
C. He cites an issue ignored by Ernesto and which outweighs the issues raised by Ernesto.
D. He does not speak to Ernesto's point because he fails to raise the issue of whether VCR sales may be linked to sales of other leisure-related products.
E. He fails to respond to Ernestos argument because he assumes that nothing will significantly retard the sale of VCRs, which was the issue that Ernesto raised.


OA is E.

OE :
Ernesto's Conclusion: VCR sales will decline.

Ernesto's Evidence: The saturation level for households has been reached.

Milton's Conclusion: VCR sales won't decline.

Milton's Evidence: More and more films are released on videotape.

Milton simply ignores Ernesto's argument that the saturation point has been reached for VCR's. He concentrates on the new cassettes coming out, but the availability of new cassettes doesn't mean people need buy or will buy more recorders. Milton ignores the relevant issue of saturation raised by Ernesto, and simply assumes that sales of VCR's will continue as before.

Milton's evidence doesn't disprove Ernesto's evidence (A). The videos appearing each year have nothing to do with whether the saturation point in VCR ownership has been reached. Finding a gap (B) in an argument means demonstrating that the evidence doesn't lead to the conclusion; Milton merely brings up some irrelevant information that has nothing to do with Ernesto's reasoning. Milton does cite an issue that Ernesto ignored (C), but the claim that this issue outweighs the issue of saturation is unsupported. Milton does fail to speak to Ernesto's point (D) but not for the bizarre reason given here. Ernesto has absolutely nothing to say about other leisure-related products so there's no reason for Milton to raise this issue.
Another one, this is from an old post. Please include explanations of ur answer also

Q6:Belukian waters began declining; in 1996, despite there being no reduction in the level of
legal lobster fishing activity, the local catch was 9,000 tons below pre-1992 levels. It is
therefore highly likely that the outlaw fishing boats harvested about 9,000 tons of lobster
illegally that year.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A. The illegal lobster harvesting was not so extensive that the population of
catchable lobsters in Belukias territorial waters had sharply declined by 1996.

B. The average annual lobster catch, in tons, of an outlaw fishing boat has increased steadily since 1992.

C. Outlaw fishing boats do not, as a group, harvest more lobsters than do licensed lobster-fishing boats.

D. The annual legal lobster harvest in Belukia in 1996 was not significantly less than 9,000 tons.

E. A significant proportion of Belukias operators of licensed lobster-fishing boats went out of business between 1992 and 1996.


OA is D. Dont have any OE . Got this q from http://www.pagalguy.com/discussions/gmat-critical-reasoning-discussions-25020700
Try this :

It takes 4 weeks for 5 professional window washers working regular full-time hours to properly clean every window of the Empire State Building. The buildings owner demands that all the windows must always be clean. Yet even if the 5 washers work consistently throughout their regular work week, they will not be able to finish cleaning all the windows before some windows will again need cleaning.

It can be correctly inferred on the basis of the statements above that which of the following must be true?

A) If an Empire State Building window is to be kept clean, it must be cleaned by a professional window cleaner.

B) The owners demand for proper cleaning of all the windows will never be fulfilled.

C) If a team of 5 window washers cleans all the Empire State Buildings windows in less than 4 weeks, some of the windows will not be properly cleaned.

D) In order to ensure that all of the Empire State Buildings windows are clean, the owner must have his window washers work overtime.

E) Some Empire State Building windows must be cleaned more frequently than once every four weeks if they are to be kept clean.


-Deepak.



OA is option E. Since the q is asking for inference option E is a definite inference.
mukultcs Says
OA is D. Dont have any OE .


I just checked some more forums for the OA and OE - GMATClub , BTG and Urch
It seems that the OA is A.

My answer and explanation here -

IMO the answer is A.

A -- > Correct. The conclusion is based on the assumption that the catch population didn't decrease otherwise so as to cause sharp decline in '96.
B -- > an increase (or decrease) in the average annual lobster catch by outlaw fishing boat is not enough an assumption to conclude that outlaw boats harvested 9000 tonnes illegally in '96.
C -- > doesn't effect in the reduction.
D -- > doesn't effect in the reduction.
E -- > it's mentioned that there has been 'no reduction in the level of legal lobster fishing activity'. so this issue doesn't effect in the reduction of the local catch.


Confused now !
deepakraam Says
OA is option E. Since the q is asking for inference option E is a definite inference.


Agree.....
Try this and give explanations for ur pick I have a few doubts in this one
In the years since the city of London imposed strict air-pollution regulations on local industry, the number of bird species seen in and around London has increased dramatically. Similar air-pollution rules should be imposed in other major cities.
Each of the following is an assumption made in the argument above EXCEPT:
(A) I n most major cities, air-pollution problems are caused almost entirely by local industry.
(B) Air-pollution regulations on industry have a significant impact on the quality of the air.
(C) The air-pollution problems of other major cities are basically similar to those once suffered by London.
(D) An increase in the number of bird species in and around a city is desirable
(E) The increased sightings of bird species in and around London reflect an actual increase in the number of species in the area.
Vijay
Try this and give explanations for ur pick I have a few doubts in this one
In the years since the city of London imposed strict air-pollution regulations on local industry, the number of bird species seen in and around London has increased dramatically. Similar air-pollution rules should be imposed in other major cities.
Each of the following is an assumption made in the argument above EXCEPT:
(A) I n most major cities, air-pollution problems are caused almost entirely by local industry.
(B) Air-pollution regulations on industry have a significant impact on the quality of the air.
(C) The air-pollution problems of other major cities are basically similar to those once suffered by London.
(D) An increase in the number of bird species in and around a city is desirable
(E) The increased sightings of bird species in and around London reflect an actual increase in the number of species in the area.
Vijay


i have a doubt between option 1 and 5.

but i think the answer should be 5 , as it says increased sightings of bird species in and around london reflect an actual increase in the number of species in the area, which is not true .

you can not tell the no of species of birds have increased. it may present there back but due to air pollution it vanished. but now the situation is more suitable they are back.

its just what i felt.
Try this and give explanations for ur pick I have a few doubts in this one
In the years since the city of London imposed strict air-pollution regulations on local industry, the number of bird species seen in and around London has increased dramatically. Similar air-pollution rules should be imposed in other major cities.
Each of the following is an assumption made in the argument above EXCEPT:
(A) I n most major cities, air-pollution problems are caused almost entirely by local industry.
(B) Air-pollution regulations on industry have a significant impact on the quality of the air.
(C) The air-pollution problems of other major cities are basically similar to those once suffered by London.
(D) An increase in the number of bird species in and around a city is desirable
(E) The increased sightings of bird species in and around London reflect an actual increase in the number of species in the area.
Vijay


i will go with A

E is clearly assumed.

p.s.-very good qstn
Try this and give explanations for ur pick I have a few doubts in this one
In the years since the city of London imposed strict air-pollution regulations on local industry, the number of bird species seen in and around London has increased dramatically. Similar air-pollution rules should be imposed in other major cities.
Each of the following is an assumption made in the argument above EXCEPT:
(A) I n most major cities, air-pollution problems are caused almost entirely by local industry.
(B) Air-pollution regulations on industry have a significant impact on the quality of the air.
(C) The air-pollution problems of other major cities are basically similar to those once suffered by London.
(D) An increase in the number of bird species in and around a city is desirable
(E) The increased sightings of bird species in and around London reflect an actual increase in the number of species in the area.
Vijay


My take B)

A) This is an assumption because had it not been so, the statement would not have suggested the same solution for all cities, hence not our answer

B) This is our answer, it is no where mentioned that these regulations improve quality of air, they just ensure that we see more birds...so IMO answer

C) This is also assumed because otherwise statement would not have suggested same solution

D) This is also an assumption because otherwise why would you want to implement it in every city

E) This is also an assumption because if these measures only ensure that we see more birds ,but their number still remains same then there is no benefit of these measures (although I still have doubts on E)

what is OA and OE ?
Try this and give explanations for ur pick I have a few doubts in this one
In the years since the city of London imposed strict air-pollution regulations on local industry, the number of bird species seen in and around London has increased dramatically. Similar air-pollution rules should be imposed in other major cities.
Each of the following is an assumption made in the argument above EXCEPT:
(A) I n most major cities, air-pollution problems are caused almost entirely by local industry.
(B) Air-pollution regulations on industry have a significant impact on the quality of the air.
(C) The air-pollution problems of other major cities are basically similar to those once suffered by London.
(D) An increase in the number of bird species in and around a city is desirable
(E) The increased sightings of bird species in and around London reflect an actual increase in the number of species in the area.
Vijay

IMO the answer is option E.

Although its mentioned that air pollution regulations have increased the number of bird sightings but it does not mean an actual increase in the local bird polulation of that area, the increase could also be due to more seasonal visiting birds.

OA is A

i took this from the same thread. refer the link below for the explanation given by one of our colleagues OA is given in pg 226

i too thought option e is right but not sure though

i would like pk_gt1 to justify the answer choice

http://www.pagalguy.com/discussions/gmat-critical-reasoning-discussions-25020700

Vijay

according to the qstn,

"city of London imposed strict air-pollution regulations on local industry"

this does'nt mean or it can be assumed that local industry were polluting beforehand.

For ex:- fifa introduced strict penalties for racial abuse--this does'nt mean racial abuse was happening in the field,which prompted fifa to do so

often decisions are pre-emptive


now the point is why not option

E:The increased sightings of bird species in and around London reflect an actual increase in the number of species in the area. ?

look at the qstn again

the point is not about seasonal or non seasonal birds (quite far fetched )--point is about density of birds. so this can be easily assumed.


according to the qstn,

"city of London imposed strict air-pollution regulations on local industry"

this does'nt mean or it can be assumed that local industry were polluting beforehand.

For ex:- fifa introduced strict penalties for racial abuse--this does'nt mean racial abuse was happening in the field,which prompted fifa to do so

often decisions are pre-emptive


now the point is why not option

E:The increased sightings of bird species in and around London reflect an actual increase in the number of species in the area. ?
look at the qstn again
the point is not about seasonal or non seasonal birds (quite far fetched )--point is about density of birds. so this can be easily assumed.


but the bird population increased dramatically after the regulations. how could the decision said to be preemptive?
option e i feel fits the bill perfectly.
pl. elaborate
but the bird population increased dramatically after the regulations. how could the decision said to be preemptive?
option e i feel fits the bill perfectly.
pl. elaborate


i have not said preemptive decision.u misqouted it wrongly.


my point is very simple

flowchart diagram:-

qstn was which option can't be assumed

here,

London imposes strict air-pollution regulations---> immediately---> number of bird species dramatic increase-----> assumes option e.


p.s-t'was the best i could have done.Sorry if i fail once more:banghead:
nice ones try them
1)Insect infestations in certain cotton growing regions of the world have caused dramatic increases in the price of cotton on the world market. Knowing that cotton plants mature quickly, many soybean growers in ortovia plan to cease growing soybean, the price of which has long been stable, and to begin raising cotton instead, thereby taking advantage of the high price to increase their income significantly at least over the next several years
Which of the following, if true, most calls into question the reasoning on which the plan is based?
a) the cost of raising soybeans has increased significantly over the past several years and is expected to continue to climb
b) tests of a newly developed, inexpensive pesticide have shown it to be both environmentally safe and effective against the insects that have infected cotton crops
c) in the past several years there has been no sharp increase in the demand for cotton and for goods made out of cotton
d) many consumers consider cotton cloth a necessity rather than a luxury and would be willing to pay significantly higher prices for cotton goods than they currently pay
2) Following several years of declining advertising sales, the Greenville Times reorganized its advertising sales force 2 years ago. Before the reorganization, the sales force was organized geographically, with some sales reps concentrating on city center businesses and others concentrating on different outlying regions. The reorganization attempted to increase the sales reps knowledge of clients businesses by having each sales rep deal with only one type of industry or of retailing. After the reorganization advertisement sales increased.
In assessing whether the improvement in advertising sales can properly be attributed to the reorganization, it would be helpful to find out each of the following except
A) two years ago, what proportion of the Greenville Times total revenue was generated by advertising sales?
B) Has the circulation of GT increased substantially in the last 2 years
C) Has there been a substantial turnover in personnel in the advertising sales force over the last 2 years?
D) Before the reorganization, had sales rep found it difficult to keep up with relevant developments in all the types of businesses to which they were assigned?
E) Has the economy in Greenville and the surrounding regions been growing rapidly over the last 2 years?
3) One of the limiting factors in human physical performance is the amount of oxygen absorbed by the muscles from the bloodstream. Accordingly entrepreneurs have begun selling at gymnasiums and health clubs bottles of drinking water, labeled SuperOXY that has extra oxygen dissolved in water. Such water would be useless in improving physical performance, however, since the amount of oxygen in the blood of someone who is exercising is already more than the muscle cells can absorb
Which of the following , if true , would serve the same function in the argument as the statement in boldface?
a) world class athletes turn in record performance without such water
b) frequent physical exercise increases the body`s ability to take in and use oxygen
c) the only way to get oxygen into the bloodstream so that it can be absorbed by the muscles is thru the lungs
d) lack of oxygen is not the only factor limiting human physical performance
e) the water lost in exercising can be replaced with ordinary tap water
4) Excavations of the Roman city of Sepphoris have uncovered numerous detailed mosaics depicting several readily identifiable animal species : a hare, a partridge and various Mediterranean fish. Oddly most of the species represented did not live in the Sepphoris region when these mosaics were created. Since identical motifs appear in mosaics found in other roman cities, however, the mosaics of Sepphoris were likely created by traveling artisans from some other part of the roman empire
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
a) The sepphoris mosaics are not composed exclusively of types of stones found naturally in the Sepphoris area
b) There is no single region to which all the species depicted in the Sepphoris mosaics are native
c) No motifs appear in the Sepphoris Mosaics that do not also appear in the mosaics of some other roman city
d) All of the animal figures in the SM are readily identifiable as representations of known species
e) There was not a common repertory of mosaic designs with which artisans who lived in various parts of the roman empire were familiar
nice ones try them
1)Insect infestations in certain cotton growing regions of the world have caused dramatic increases in the price of cotton on the world market. Knowing that cotton plants mature quickly, many soybean growers in ortovia plan to cease growing soybean, the price of which has long been stable, and to begin raising cotton instead, thereby taking advantage of the high price to increase their income significantly at least over the next several years
Which of the following, if true, most calls into question the reasoning on which the plan is based?
a) the cost of raising soybeans has increased significantly over the past several years and is expected to continue to climb
b) tests of a newly developed, inexpensive pesticide have shown it to be both environmentally safe and effective against the insects that have infected cotton crops
c) in the past several years there has been no sharp increase in the demand for cotton and for goods made out of cotton
d) many consumers consider cotton cloth a necessity rather than a luxury and would be willing to pay significantly higher prices for cotton goods than they currently pay
2) Following several years of declining advertising sales, the Greenville Times reorganized its advertising sales force 2 years ago. Before the reorganization, the sales force was organized geographically, with some sales reps concentrating on city center businesses and others concentrating on different outlying regions. The reorganization attempted to increase the sales reps knowledge of clients businesses by having each sales rep deal with only one type of industry or of retailing. After the reorganization advertisement sales increased.
In assessing whether the improvement in advertising sales can properly be attributed to the reorganization, it would be helpful to find out each of the following except
A) two years ago, what proportion of the Greenville Times total revenue was generated by advertising sales?
B) Has the circulation of GT increased substantially in the last 2 years
C) Has there been a substantial turnover in personnel in the advertising sales force over the last 2 years?
D) Before the reorganization, had sales rep found it difficult to keep up with relevant developments in all the types of businesses to which they were assigned?
E) Has the economy in Greenville and the surrounding regions been growing rapidly over the last 2 years?
3) One of the limiting factors in human physical performance is the amount of oxygen absorbed by the muscles from the bloodstream. Accordingly entrepreneurs have begun selling at gymnasiums and health clubs bottles of drinking water, labeled SuperOXY that has extra oxygen dissolved in water. Such water would be useless in improving physical performance, however, since the amount of oxygen in the blood of someone who is exercising is already more than the muscle cells can absorb
Which of the following , if true , would serve the same function in the argument as the statement in boldface?
a) world class athletes turn in record performance without such water
b) frequent physical exercise increases the body`s ability to take in and use oxygen
c) the only way to get oxygen into the bloodstream so that it can be absorbed by the muscles is thru the lungs
d) lack of oxygen is not the only factor limiting human physical performance
e) the water lost in exercising can be replaced with ordinary tap water
4) Excavations of the Roman city of Sepphoris have uncovered numerous detailed mosaics depicting several readily identifiable animal species : a hare, a partridge and various Mediterranean fish. Oddly most of the species represented did not live in the Sepphoris region when these mosaics were created. Since identical motifs appear in mosaics found in other roman cities, however, the mosaics of Sepphoris were likely created by traveling artisans from some other part of the roman empire
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
a) The sepphoris mosaics are not composed exclusively of types of stones found naturally in the Sepphoris area
b) There is no single region to which all the species depicted in the Sepphoris mosaics are native
c) No motifs appear in the Sepphoris Mosaics that do not also appear in the mosaics of some other roman city
d) All of the animal figures in the SM are readily identifiable as representations of known species
e) There was not a common repertory of mosaic designs with which artisans who lived in various parts of the roman empire were familiar


my take..
1. option e is missing. of the four options, i'll go with option a.
2. e
3. c
4. d
nice ones try them
1)Insect infestations in certain cotton growing regions of the world have caused dramatic increases in the price of cotton on the world market. Knowing that cotton plants mature quickly, many soybean growers in ortovia plan to cease growing s...................................... in the Sepphoris Mosaics that do not also appear in the mosaics of some other roman city
d) All of the animal figures in the SM are readily identifiable as representations of known species
e) There was not a common repertory of mosaic designs with which artisans who lived in various parts of the roman empire were familiar


third one i'm not getting the qstn properly.Apart frm dat

1C,
2E
4A